Table.
Baseline characteristics by random allocation, and compliance with that allocation
|
Included in analyses |
Remdesivir vs its control |
Hydroxychloroquine vs its control |
Lopinavir vs its control |
Interferon vs its control* |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Entered study, n (%) | Died, n (%) | Active | Control | Active | Control | Active | Control | Active | Control | |||
| Number of patients | 14 221 (100%) | 1989 (14·0%) | 4146 | 4129 | 948 | 900 | 1404 | 1368 | 2144 | 2147 | ||
| Age, years | ||||||||||||
| <50 | 4771 (33·5%) | 335 (7·0%) | 1310 | 1326 | 336 | 316 | 513 | 504 | 759 | 731 | ||
| 50–69 | 6443 (45·3%) | 917 (14·2%) | 1920 | 1908 | 410 | 394 | 602 | 594 | 970 | 1017 | ||
| ≥70 | 3007 (21·1%) | 737 (24·5%) | 916 | 895 | 202 | 190 | 289 | 270 | 415 | 399 | ||
| Respiratory support | ||||||||||||
| No oxygen at entry | 3627 (25·5%) | 116 (3·2%) | 869 | 861 | 346 | 338 | 527 | 535 | 503 | 508 | ||
| On oxygen at entry | 9453 (66·5%) | 1409 (14·9%) | 2918 | 2921 | 518 | 480 | 765 | 718 | 1497 | 1503 | ||
| Already ventilated | 1141 (8·0%) | 464 (40·7%) | 359 | 347 | 84 | 82 | 112 | 115 | 144 | 136 | ||
| Bilateral lung lesions | ||||||||||||
| No | 1403 (9·9%) | 91 (6·5%) | 421 | 371 | 118 | 124 | 193 | 210 | 128 | 122 | ||
| Yes | 11 468 (80·6%) | 1678 (14·6%) | 3326 | 3341 | 714 | 670 | 1048 | 1001 | 1857 | 1865 | ||
| Not imaged at entry | 1350 (9·5%) | 220 (16·3%) | 399 | 417 | 116 | 106 | 163 | 157 | 159 | 160 | ||
| Days in hospital before study entry | ||||||||||||
| 0 | 3681 (25·9%) | 416 (11·3%) | 888 | 892 | 296 | 280 | 422 | 401 | 707 | 702 | ||
| 1 | 4819 (33·9%) | 601 (12·5%) | 1462 | 1459 | 319 | 307 | 450 | 444 | 700 | 699 | ||
| ≥2 | 5721 (40·2%) | 972 (17·0%) | 1796 | 1778 | 333 | 313 | 532 | 523 | 737 | 746 | ||
| Geographical location | ||||||||||||
| Europe† or Canada | 4342 (30·5%) | 555 (12·8%) | 1649 | 1594 | 287 | 266 | 348 | 353 | 268 | 256 | ||
| Latin America‡ | 2142 (15·1%) | 499 (23·3%) | 558 | 593 | 97 | 96 | 147 | 148 | 493 | 495 | ||
| Asia and Africa§ | 7737 (54·4%) | 935 (12·1%) | 1939 | 1942 | 564 | 538 | 909 | 867 | 1383 | 1396 | ||
| Other characteristics | ||||||||||||
| Sex | ||||||||||||
| Male | 8851 (62·2%) | 1343 (15·2%) | 2601 | 2639 | 574 | 532 | 852 | 800 | 1342 | 1331 | ||
| Female | 5370 (37·8%) | 646 (12·0%) | 1545 | 1490 | 374 | 368 | 552 | 568 | 802 | 816 | ||
| Current smoker | 975 (6·9%) | 129 (13·2%) | 247 | 233 | 93 | 82 | 137 | 121 | 142 | 147 | ||
| History of | ||||||||||||
| Diabetes | 3685 (25·9%) | 630 (17·1%) | 1129 | 1120 | 201 | 205 | 346 | 326 | 517 | 563 | ||
| Heart disease | 3110 (21·9%) | 576 (18·5%) | 929 | 935 | 194 | 194 | 292 | 291 | 457 | 487 | ||
| Chronic lung disease | 910 (6·4%) | 194 (21·3%) | 284 | 281 | 63 | 65 | 94 | 86 | 120 | 110 | ||
| Asthma | 755 (5·3%) | 91 (12·1%) | 247 | 242 | 44 | 47 | 68 | 57 | 79 | 105 | ||
| Chronic liver disease | 191 (1·3%) | 41 (21·5%) | 57 | 72 | 15 | 14 | 16 | 23 | 14 | 24 | ||
| Number of patients who were taking the study drug midway through its scheduled duration, n/N (%)¶ | .. | .. | 3892/4077 (95·5%) | 73/4057 (1·8%) | 876/932 (94·0%) | 45/883 (5·1%) | 1299/1381 (94·1%) | 27/1344 (2·0%) | 1987/2108 (94·3%) | 31/2117 (1·5%) | ||
| Of those eventually discharged, proportion of patients who were still in hospital on | ||||||||||||
| Day 7 | .. | .. | 68·8% | 62·5% | 64·9% | 54·5% | 68·6% | 60·0% | 58·5% | 53·7% | ||
| Day 14 | .. | .. | 25·9% | 24·7% | 24·0% | 20·2% | 32·3% | 22·9% | 21·2% | 20·7% | ||
| Day 21 | .. | .. | 12·4% | 12·5% | 11·8% | 10·6% | 12·2% | 12·1% | 9·5% | 8·9% | ||
The pairwise comparisons are of each drug vs its own controls. Patients in different pairwise comparisons might overlap, so the total number in any comparison is only 14 221 (and not 17 186). Here and elsewhere, the few (always <0·1%) with a particular characteristic not known are merged with the largest category of that characteristic: nine merged with male, three merged with age 50–69 years, five merged with previous days in hospital before study entry ≥2. The number who died is the number reported as dying in hospital (before or after day 28) before ever having been discharged.
Interferon randomisation was to interferon plus lopinavir vs lopinavir until July 4, 2020, then to interferon vs no study drug.
Albania, Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Georgia, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, North Macedonia, Norway, Portugal, Spain, and Switzerland.
Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Honduras, and Peru.
Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Iran, Kuwait, Lebanon, Malaysia, Mali, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, and South Africa.
Compliance is calculated only among those with an in-hospital outcome reported, and is defined as the proportion of patients taking the study drug midway through its scheduled duration (or midway through the time from entry to death or discharge, if this is shorter).