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| DEP type | Scale (μm) | Suspending medium (mS m−1) | Electric field | Time | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nDEP | Protein-6.7; IgG-7.4 | PBS; NaOH (200) | 10–20 Vpp; 10 MHz | 10 min | 156 |
| ICEP-DEP | 3.8, JP-3.8 | NaCl (0.7–116) | 6 V; 40 kHz | 17 min | 90 |
| ODEP | 10; 15 | DI water (2.14), NaCl (95/106) | 5–7.5 Vpp; 5 kHz to 1 MHz | 157 | |
| SERS-DEP | AuNPs-1 | EDC, PBS | — | 2 h | 158 |
| DFS-DEP | Func-15 | DI water (0.64) | 0–2 Vpp; 10–100 Hz | 0.04 s | 159 |
| Raman-DEP | Flu-3.3 | PBS (4) | 350 Vrms; 100 Hz | 25 s | 160 |
