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. 2019 Feb 18;9(9):5206–5217. doi: 10.1039/c8ra09939a

Estimated crystal size using the Scherrer equation, crystallite strain using the W–H and (SSPM) equation.

SM UDM USDM UDEDM SSPM
D (nm) D (nm) ε D (nm) σ (MPa) ε D (nm) U ε σ (MPa) D (nm) ε
ZnO 46 39 (1) −4.07 × 10−4 (1) 39 (1) −48.15 (4) −4.07 × 10−4 (2) 39 (1) −9.95 (3) 1.29 × 10−5 (3) 1.52 (3) 136 (1) −3.38 × 10−4 (2)
Pr0.01Zn0.97O 23 20 (1) −7.97 × 10−4 (1) 20 (1) −94.24 (4) −7.97 × 10−4 (2) 20 (1) −13.92 (4) 1.53 × 10−5 (3) 1.80 (3) 70 (1) −6.60 × 10−4 (3)