Comparison of electrosorption capacity for various biomass-based CDI electrodes and treatment/materials for electrode fabrication.
| Biomass | Activation/treatment | Binder/additives | Current collector | Applied voltage (V) | Electrosorption capacity (mg g−1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrus peel37 | ZnCl2 | PTFE | Titanium mesh | 1.5 | 10.79, 16.2a |
| KOH | PTFE | Titanium mesh | 1.5 | 8.58 | |
| H3PO4 | PTFE | Titanium mesh | 1.5 | 5.22 | |
| — | PTFE | Titanium mesh | 1.5 | 8.44 | |
| Bacterial-cellulose38 | NH3 | — | — | 1.2 | 17.29 |
| Bacterial-cellulose39 | H3PO4 | — | — | 1.2 | 16.20 |
| Bacterial-cellulose40 | — | — | — | 1.2 | 12.81 |
| Palm shell41 | ZnCl2, CO2 | PVdf, DMAc | — | 1.2 | 3.3 |
| Wheat straw42 | KOH, SiO2 sol | PTFE | Graphite sheet | N/A | 2.67 |
| Silk cocoon43 | — | Acetylene black, PVA | Graphite substrate | 1.2 | 12.02 |
| CO2 | Acetylene black, PVA | Graphite substrate | 1.2 | 16.56 | |
| L. leucocephala wood24 | KOH, CO2 | PVDF | — | 1.0 | 2.1 |
| Coconut shell44 | KOH, CO2 | PVDF | — | 1.0 | 20.91 |
| Woody biomass45 | KOH | Nafion | Carbon cloth | N/A | 5.39 |
| Basswood46 | CO2 | — | — | 1.2 | 5.7 |
| Mangrove root (this work) | — | — | — | 1.5 | 9.6 |
a
Electrode only used as anode in CDI system.