Table 3.
Time trend of complication rates in different steps of phacoemulsification performed by residents.
| Jul 2005–Sep 2007 | Oct 2007–Dec 2009 | Jan 2010–Mar 2012 | Apr 2012–Jun 2014 | Jul 2014–Sep 2016 | Oct 2016–Dec 2018 | Jan 2019–Mar 2021 | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Events/cases | 63/226 | 42/201 | 28/193 | 28/237 | 16/182 | 17/178 | 14/192 | |
| Rate in step A (events/cases) | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0% | 0% | 0.5% | 0% | 0% | 0.6761 |
| (1/226) | (1/201) | (0/193) | (0/237) | (1/182) | (0/178) | (0/192) | ||
| Rate in step B (events/cases) | 10.2% | 9.5% | 6.2% | 6.8% | 2.8% | 2.2% | 2.6% | 0.0007 |
| (23/226) | (19/200) | (12/193) | (16/237) | (5/181) | (4/178) | (5/192) | ||
| Rate in step C (events/cases) | 13.3% (27/203) | 9.6% (17/177) | 7.9% (13/165) | 5.6% (11/198) | 5.6% (9/162) | 6.0% (10/168) | 3.8% (7/184) | 0.0085 |
| Rate in step D (events/cases) | 5.3% (10/187) | 3.2% (5/156) | 1.5% (2/135) | 0.7% (1/143) | 0.8% (1/124) | 2.2% (3/138) | 0.6% (1/163) | 0.027 |
| Rate in step E (events/cases) | 1.1% (2/186) | 0% | 0.8% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0.6% | 0.4103 |
| (0/153) | (1/133) | (0/142) | (0/122) | (0/134) | (1/161) |
A: wound incision; B: anterior capsulorhexis; C: hydrodissection, hydrodelineation, and emulsification of nucleus; D: irrigation and aspiration of cortex; and E: IOL insertion. p value by Chi-squared test.