Composition of CNCs and Lcys-CNCs measured by elemental analysis; content of surface S element, surface N element and BET surface area of the samples.

Samples	Elemental analysis				Surface S	Surface N	BET surface area
	% C	% H	% S	% N	mmol g−1	mmol g−1	m2 g−1
CNCs	41.36	6.70	0.89	0.29	0.27	0.20	10.81
Lcsy-CNCs	41.85	6.15	8.98	3.89	2.80	2.77	72.10