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. 2021 May 4;9(3):1012–1023. doi: 10.1007/s40615-021-01040-5

Table 1.

Descriptive statistics of demographic characteristics and childhood SES indicators of study participants with age-adjusted mean differences (95% CI) in TL (n=361): the GENE-FORECAST study

Percentage/mean (SD) Frequency 1Age adjusted mean difference in TL, β (95% CI) p
Age 48.50 (11.46)
Gender female 70.6 255 0.105 (0.026 to 0.184) 0.009
Married/partnered 30.5 110 −0.01 (−0.09 to 0.07), 0.875
Participant’s education
0–12 years/high school diploma 9.7 35 Reference
Some college 27.4 99 0.08 (−0.053 to 0.214) 0.234
4 year college or higher 62.9 227 0.16 (0.036 to 0.283) 0.012
Childhood socioeconomic status
Father’s education
0–12/ high school diploma 61.8 223 Reference
Some college 13.9 50 0.047 (−0.06 to 0.156) 0.387
4 year college or higher 24.4 88 0.021 (−0.067 to 0.11) 0.638
Mother’s education
0–12/high school diploma 54.3 196 Reference
Some college 16.6 60 0.135 (0 .033 to 0.238) 0.01
4 year college or higher 29.1 105 0.076 (−0.01 to 0.162) 0.071
Father’s occupation
Professional/managerial 36.6 132 −0.005 (−0.081 to 0.071) 0.884
Mother’s occupation
Professional/managerial 35.2 127 −0.014 (−0.091 to 0.062) 0.709
Home ownership
Lived with relatives/other 1.4 5 Reference
Lived in a rented house 29.6 107 0.192 (−0.12 to 0.51) 0.23
Lived in own house 69.0 249 0.195 (−0.12 to 0.51) 0.21
Family structure/raised by
Someone other than parents 3.2 12 Reference
Single father 4.2 15 0.239 (−0.032 to 0.51) 0.098
Single mother 22.2 80 0.098 (−0.122 to 0.317) 0.38
Both parents 70.4 254 0.149 (−0.061 to 0.36) 0.16

SES socioeconomic status, TL leukocyte telomere length

1Values are age-adjusted regression (β) coefficients (95% CIs) and p values for associations of demographic characteristics and childhood SES with TL