Table 2.
Health behavior and disease conditions of study participants with age-adjusted mean differences (95% CI) in TL by health behavior and disease conditions (n=361): the GENE-FORECAST study
| Percentage/mean (SD) | Frequency | Age adjusted mean difference in TL, β (95% CI) p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Smoking status | |||
| Never | 78.1 | 282 | Reference |
| Past | 15.0 | 54 | −0.003 (−0.11 to 0.09) 0.943 |
| Current | 6.9 | 25 | −0.029 (−0.17 to 0.12) 0.69 |
| Physical activity during leisure | |||
| Much less than others | 6.4 | 23 | Reference |
| Less than others | 36.0 | 130 | 0.064 (−0.09 to 0.22) 0.417 |
| The same as others | 41.6 | 150 | 0.095 (−0.06 to 0.24) 0.226 |
| More than others | 11.1 | 40 | 0.143 (−0.04 to 0.32) 0.118 |
| Much more than others | 5.0 | 18 | 0.031 (−0.19 to 0.24) 0.78 |
| Dietary habit | |||
| Poor | 8.3 | 30 | Reference |
| Fair | 36.8 | 133 | −0.034 (−0.17 to 0.11) 0.645 |
| Good | 36.8 | 133 | −0.024 (−0.17 to 0.12) 0.733 |
| Very good | 15.2 | 55 | 0.066(−0.09 to 0.22) 0.417 |
| Excellent | 2.8 | 10 | 0.015 (−0.27 to 0.24) 0.531 |
| Hypertension | 41.6 | 150 | −0.06 (−0.14 to 0.02) 0.12 |
| Diabetes | 8.9 | 32 | 0.014 (−0.11 to 0.14) 0.829 |
| 2Obesity/overweight | |||
| Normal | 13.30 | 48 | |
| Overweight | 32.96 | 119 | 0.047 (−0.071 to 0.16) 0.435 |
| Obesity | 53.74 | 194 | −0.01 (−0.112 to 0.109) 0.872 |
| 3Depressive score | 8.41 (7.2) | 0.003 (−0.93 to 6.62), 0.16 | |
| 4PSS | 12.57 (6.41) | 0.004 (−0.001 to 0.01), 0.12 | |
TL telomere length, PSS Perceived Stress Score
1Values are age-adjusted regression (β) coefficients (95% CIs) and p values for associations of health behavior and disease conditions with TL
2Overweight was defined as body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to 25 and obesity as BMI greater than or equal to 30
3Depressive score was calculated from the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)
4PSS was assessed using 10-item self-reported Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) questionnaire