Fig. 2. 15d-PGJ2 enhances autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis.
a 15d-PGJ2 increases LC3-II levels in a dose-dependent manner. Torin 1 was used as a positive control. b 15d-PGJ2 increases LC3-II levels in a time-dependent manner. c 15d-PGJ2 promotes autophagy flux. d 15d-PGJ2 increases the formation of autolysosomes as evidenced by the increased red-only puncta after 15d-PGJ2 treatment in HeLa cells stably expressing tf-LC3 plasmids. e 15d-PGJ2 increased the expression of multiple autophagy-lysosomal pathway-related genes as detected by real-time PCR. f 15d-PGJ2 increased LAMP1 levels. g 15d-PGJ2 increases lysosome contents. After HeLa cells were treated with indicated concentrations of 15d-PGJ2 for 16 h, cells were loaded with LysoTracker Red DND-99 (75 nm) for 1 h and the intensity was recorded by a flow cytometer. Representative data are shown from three independent experiments. Quantitative data are presented as the mean ± SEM from at least three independent experiments. Scale bar 10 µm. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.