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. 2022 May 2;5:406. doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-03361-5

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a The spatial navigation task consisted of six sessions with two experimental conditions. Each session started with an encoding phase, in which participants had to memorize the locations of three objects. Following encoding, participants performed 14 trials with the following steps: (1) Cue: a target object was provided (2.5 s); (2) Retrieval: they had to recall and reach the original object location (self-paced, average 24.2 s); (3) Distance estimation: they estimated the distance error they committed (self-paced, average 1.8 s); (4) Collection: a target object appeared at its original location and participants were asked to navigate to it (self-paced, average 5.0 s). b In the Body condition, a body-shaped avatar (congruent with the posture and hand motion of the participant in the scanner) was seen by participants as part of the virtual scene during the entire procedure. In the No-body condition, the same scenes were displayed, but without the avatar (as is usually done during spatial navigation studies). Δt mean duration, vm virtual meter.