. 2022 Apr 30;399(10336):1730–1740. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02533-2

Table 2.

Summary of association results between early-life variables and adult outcomes

		Height (cm)		Intelligence quotient (harmonised units)		Attained schooling (grades attained)		Overweight and obesity (prevalence ratio)		Metabolic syndrome (number of signs)		Mental illness (number of symptoms)
		Regression coefficient	p value	Regression coefficient	p value	Regression coefficient	p value	Prevalence ratio	p value	Ratio of averages	p value	Regression coefficient	p value
Height
	Birth length	1·68 (1·52 to 1·84)^*	<0·0001	0·73 (0·35 to 1·10)	0·0002	0·17 (0·07 to 0·27)^†	0·0010	1·05 (1·01 to 1·08)	0·0050	1·00 (0·97 to 1·03)	0·90	−0·06 (−0·29 to 0·17)^†	0·60
	Conditional length at 2 years	3·34 (3·06 to 3·63)^*^†	<0·0001	1·52 (0·96 to 2·08)^†	<0·0001	0·25 (0·10 to 0·40)^†	0·0010	1·01 (0·95 to 1·07)^†	0·75	1·05 (0·97 to 1·15)^†^‡	0·24	−0·01 (−0·16 to 0·13)	0·86
	Conditional height at 4 years	2·30 (2·03 to 2·58)^*^†	<0·0001	0·16 (−0·47 to 0·78)	0·63	0·09 (−0·03 to 0·20)^†	0·15	1·05 (1·01 to 1·08)	0·0060	1·03 (0·99 to 1·07)^†	0·14	−0·03 (−0·18 to 0·13)	0·75
	Conditional height at adulthood	4·19 (3·80 to 4·59)^*^†	<0·0001	0·05 (−0·91 to 1·00)^†	0·94	−0·05 (−0·24 to 0·14)^†	0·63	0·90 (0·86 to 0·95)^†	<0·0001	0·97 (0·93 to 1·02)	0·31	−0·10 (−0·23 to 0·04)	0·18
Weight
	Birthweight	1·07 (0·95 to 1·19)	<0·0001	0·74 (0·35 to 1·14)	0·0002	0·13 (0·08 to 0·19)	<0·0001	1·07 (1·05 to 1·09)^*^†	<0·0001	1·00 (0·98 to 1·02)	0·96	−0·04 (−0·14 to 0·06)	0·46
	Conditional relative weight at 2 years	−0·14 (−0·44 to 0·15)^*^†	0·34	−0·26 (−1·21 to 0·69)^†	0·59	0·05 (−0·03 to 0·13)	0·23	1·15 (1·12 to 1·18)^*^†	<0·0001	1·06 (1·02 to 1·11)^†	0·0040	−0·05 (−0·59 to 0·48)^†	0·84
	Conditional relative weight at 4 years	−0·24 (−0·54 to 0·06)^*^†	0·12	−0·19 (−0·69 to 0·32)	0·47	−0·09 (to 0·18 to −0·01)	0·038	1·19 (1·12 to 1·25)^*^†	<0·0001	1·08 (1·02 to 1·14)^†	0·0080	−0·02 (−0·13 to 0·10)	0·76
	Conditional relative weight at adulthood	−0·10 (−0·25 to 0·04)	0·17	0·04 (−0·50 to 0·58)^†	0·88	−0·13 (−0·26 to −0·01)^†	0·035	1·59 (1·49 to 1·69)^*^†	<0·0001	1·40 (1·28 to 1·53)^†	<0·0001	0·03 (−0·29 to 0·35)^†	0·85
Cognitive development (4·0–8·5 years)		0·77 (0·54 to 0·99)	<0·0001	7·30 (5·85 to 8·76)^*^†	<0·0001	0·82 (0·47 to 1·16)^†	<0·0001	1·02 (0·96 to 1·08)	0·58	0·97 (0·91 to 1·03)	0·33	−0·17 (−0·32 to −0·03)	0·021

Data are regression coefficients (95% CI).

Tracking result (results for which the early life variable and the adult outcome are in the same domain [eg, birth length and adult height])

^†

Significant heterogeneity (ie, Cochran's Q test p<0·05) between cohorts.

^‡

Significant interaction (ie, interaction test p<0·05) between the sexes.