TABLE 1.

Stress-related epigenetic mechanisms for improved crop development under stress conditions.

Crop	Mechanism	Reference
Drought stress
Rice	DNA methylation at a specific site	Wang et al. (2011)
Barley	Excessive accumulation of H3 and loss of H3K9me2	Temel et al. (2017)
Maize	Enrichment of H3K4me3 and H3K36me3	Xu et al. (2017)
Maize	Modified dynamics of H3K4me3 and H3K9ac	Forestan et al. (2018)
Soybean	Upregulated isomiRNAs	Sosa-Valencia et al. (2017)
Pea	Cytosine hypermethylation	Labra et al. (2002)
Cotton	Histone modification	Chen et al. (2019)
Salt stress
Wheat	Increased cytosine methylation of HKT genes	Kumar et al. (2017)
Rice	Differentially methylated regions of DNA	Ferreira et al. (2019)
Rice	Demethylation in the promoter of OsMYB91 gene and modification of histone	Zhu et al. (2015)
Temperature stress
Soybean	Cytosine hypomethylation	Hossain et al. (2017)
Wheat	Higher histone demethylation of several genes	Wang et al. (2016)
Maize	Modification of H3K4me2 and H3K9ac	Hou et al. (2019a)
Maize	Higher acetylation of histone and reduction of H3K9me3	Wang et al. (2014)
Maize	Decreased acetylation of histone	Hu et al. (2011)
Maize	Higher accumulation of H3K9ac	Hu et al. (2012)
Mustard	Non-coding RNA mediated regulation	Bhatia et al. (2020)
Rice	Methylation of promoter region	Guo et al. (2019)
Biotic stress
Potato	BABA primed histone modification against Phythophtra infestans	Meller et al. (2018)
Tomato	Methylation in cytosine residue to improve resistance against Tomato spotted wilt virus	Werghi et al. (2021)
Olive	Methylation to improve resistance against Verticilium dahliae	Crespo-Salvador et al. (2020)
Tomato	Improved resistance against pathogen creating mutants of Histone domain	Bvindi et al. (2022)