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. 2019 Mar 19;9(16):9053–9066. doi: 10.1039/c9ra00490d

Detailed information on the voltage differences among batteries.

Ambient temperature (°C) Cycle rate (C) Peak of voltage difference during discharge I (°C) Peak of voltage difference during discharge II (°C)
0 1 0.026 0.142
2 0.035 0.047
3 0.038 0.039
20 1 0.016 0.116
2 0.021 0.045
3 0.024 0.026