. 2019 Mar 18;9(16):8778–8881. doi: 10.1039/c8ra09577a

Graphene-based signal enhancement strategies.

Graphene-based platform	Amplification method	Target		Linear range	Limit of detection	Ref.
GR	Rolling circle amplification	Nucleic acid	DNA	10 pM	10–200 pM	716
GO	Rolling circle amplification	Nucleic acid	miRNA	1 fM to 50 pM	0.4 pM	717
GR	Hybridization chain reaction	Nucleic acid	miRNA	10–2000 fM	4.2 fM	718
Au nanoclusters/GR hybrid	Exo III-aided cascade target recycling	Nucleic acid	DNA	0.02 fm to 20 pM	0.057 fM	401
GO	Hybridization chain reaction	Nucleic acid	RNA	5 pM to 12 nM	2.7 pM	719
GR	Hybridization chain reaction	Nucleic acid	miRNA	100 pM to 10 nM	100 fM	720
GO	Isothermal exponential amplification	Nucleic acid	miRNA	10 fM to 10 pM	3 fM	674
rGO	In situ reverse transcription	Nucleic acid	miRNA	10 fM to 100 pM	1.318 pM	721
GO	Nicking enzyme signal amplification	Protein	Thrombin	2 fM to 200 nM	1.0 fM	722
GO	DNase I-mediated cyclic signal amplification	Bacteria	S. Paratyphi A	1 × 10² to 1 × 10¹¹ cells per mL	1 × 10² cells per mL	723
GO	Hybridization chain reaction	Small molecule	Biothiol	0.1–1000 nM	0.1 nM	724
GO	GO-assisted rolling circle amplification	Pathogen	Ebola virus	30 fM to 3 nM	1.4 pM	725
GO–AuNCs	HCR	Food toxin	AFB1	0.1–10 pg mL⁻¹	0.03 pg mL⁻¹	686
GO	Hybridization chain reaction	Metal ion	Hg²⁺	0–1 nM	0.3 nM	602
GR	GR/DNAzyme	Metal ion	Pb²⁺	Up to 100 nM	300 pM	726