Table 1.
Demographics and clinical characteristics included in this study.
| First author (publication year) | Country | Types of PIU | Sample size | Gender (M/F) | Age (years) | Clinical characteristics of PIU | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PIU | HCs | PIU | HCs | PIU | HCs | IAT Score | CIAS Score | |||
| Xin Du (32) | China | IGD | 27 | 35 | 27/0 | 35/0 | 17.07 ± 3.55 | 16.80 ± 2.34 | 68.19 ± 11.79 | – |
| Qi Feng (33) | China | IGA | 15 | 18 | 13/2 | 14/4 | 16.93 ± 2.34 | 16.33 ± 2.61 | – | 66.73 ± 3.01 |
| Xu Han (34) | China | IGD | 26 | 30 | 26/0 | 30/0 | 16.81 ± 0.75 | 17.00 ± 0.89 | – | 71.88 ± 5.56 |
| Heejung Kim (16) | Korea | IGD | 16 | 15 | 16/0 | 15/0 | 21.63 ± 5.92 | 25.40 ± 5.29 | 75.81 ± 4.72 | – |
| Jun Liu (13) | China | IAD | 19 | 19 | 11/8 | 11/8 | 21.00 ± 1.30 | 20.00 ± 1.80 | – | – |
| Lu Liu (35) | China | IGD | 74 | 41 | 74/0 | 41/0 | 22.28 ± 1.98 | 23.02 ± 2.09 | – | 78.46 ± 8.40 |
| Yawen Sun (14) | China | IGD | 53 | 52 | 30/23 | 30/22 | 21.87 ± 3.08 (M) | 20.73 ± 2.16 (M) | – | 74.43 ± 9.19 (M) |
| 21.91 ± 2.92 (F) | 21.09 ± 3.85 (F) | 74.35 ± 9.21 (F) | ||||||||
| Yao Wang (15) | China | IGD | 17 | 24 | 13/4 | 18/6 | 16.94 ± 2.73 | 15.87 ± 2.69 | – | 64.59 ± 6.43 |
| Lubin Wang (36) | China | IA | 31 | 50 | 21/10 | 35/15 | 15.00 ± 1.30 | 15.10 ± 0.50 | – | – |
| Yang Wang (37) | China | IA | 28 | 30 | 21/7 | 22/8 | 21.32 ± 1.96 | 21.73 ± 2.08 | 73.89 ± 6.76 | – |
F, female; M, male; HCs, healthy controls; PIU, pathological Internet use; CIAS, Chen Internet addiction scale; IAT, young's Internet addiction test; IGD, Internet gaming disorder; IGA, internet gaming addiction; IA, internet addiction; IAD, internet addiction disorder.