Table 1.
Demographic, clinical and biochemical characteristics of the probands and adult relatives tested for elevated lipoprotein(a).
| Characteristics | Probands | Adult relatives |
|---|---|---|
| Number | 83 | 151 |
| Age (years) Male, n (%) Body mass index (kg/m2) |
52.5 ± 12.5*** 45 (54.2)* 27.5 ± 4.7 |
41.1 ± 15.8 62 (40.8) 26.5 ± 4.6 |
| Family history of CAD, n (%) Family history of premature CAD, n (%) Personal history of CAD, n (%) |
76 (91.6) 43 (67.2) 38 (45.8)*** |
142 (93.4) 101 (66.9) 8 (5.3) |
| Smokers (current/ex), n (%) Hypertension, n (%) Type 2 Diabetes, n (%) Obesity (>30 kg/m2), n (%) |
40 (48.2)** 39 (47.0)*** 6 (7.2) 22 (26.5) |
40 (29.2) 18 (12.9) 4 (2.8) 23 (18.1) |
| On cholesterol-lowering medication, n (%) Statin, n (%) Ezetimibe, n (%) |
60 (72.3)*** 57 (68.7)*** 25 (30.1)*** |
22 (15.3) 22 (15.3) 3 (2.1) |
| Pre-treatment Total cholesterol (mmol/L) Triglycerides (mmol/L)1 HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) Non-HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L) Apolipoprotein B (g/L) |
7.6 ± 1.6*** 1.9 (1.7 – 2.1) *** 1.4 ± 0.4 6.2 ± 1.4*** 5.4 ± 1.6*** 1.5 ± 0.4*** |
5.8 ± 1.3 1.3 (1.2 – 1.4) 1.4 ± 0.4 4.3 ± 1.3 3.7 ± 1.2 1.1 ± 0.3 |
| Lipoprotein(a) (mg/dL)1 | 156.3 (146.2 – 167.1) *** | 56.4 (47.6 – 66.8) |
| Plasma glucose (mmol/L) eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) |
5.3 ± 1.0 82.1 ± 12.0 |
5.1 ± 1.0 83.9 ± 10.6 |
| Estimated 5-year ASCVD risk2 Low, n (%) Moderate, n (%) High, n (%) |
29 (69.0)** 13 (31.0)** 0 (0.0) |
111 (87.4) 15 (11.8) 1 (0.8) |
ASCVD: atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, CAD: coronary artery disease, HDL: high-density lipoprotein.
LDL: low-density lipoprotein, eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate.
Values represented as mean ± SD or geometric mean (95% confidence intervals) or number (%).
1Skewed variable with log transformation.
2Five-year cardiovascular risk assessment in probands and adult relatives: Low <3%, Moderate 3 – 14%, and High >15%.
*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; and ***P < 0.001 when compared with adult relatives.