Table 2.

Literature revision of the cases of anti-NMDAR autoimmune encephalitis during pregnancy with maternal and fetal outcome. IV: intravenous; IVIg: intravenous immunoglobulin; RTX: rituximab; PLEX: plasmapheresis; C-section: caesarean section.

Reference	Age	Gestational age (weeks)	Presenting symptoms	Teratoma	Neonatal antibodies	Treatment	Outcome: mother	Outcome: baby
Ito et al. [22] 2010	19	17	Dyskinesia, behavior abnormalities	No	Not tested	Corticosteroids	Normal	Emergency C-section at 33 weeks gestation. Normal baby
Kumar et al. [23] 2010	19	17	Behavior abnormalities	No	Not tested	IV Methylprednisolone	Normal	Normal vaginal delivery at 37 weeks gestation. Normal baby
Kumar et al. [23] 2010	20	8	Behavior abnormalities	No	Not tested	IVIg	Minimal deficits	Termination of pregnancy at 10 weeks
Kumar et al. [23] 2010	19	14	Headache followed by behavior abnormalities	Yes	Not tested	IVIg IV Methylprednisolone Resection of teratoma	Both mother and baby survived-C-section delivery at 38 weeks gestation	Normal
McCarthy et al. [24] 2012	32	8	Autonomic symptoms, behavior abnormalities	Yes	No	IV-Methylprednisolone PLEX Resection of teratoma	Normal	C-section delivery at 32 weeks. Normal baby
Jagota et al. [25] 2014	18	9	Orolingual movements, eye deviation, fever	No	Yes	Azathioprine IVIg	Patient died due to infection. Baby survived, delivered at 34 weeks (NVD) Baby-Delayed in global development, seizures	Global developmental delay. Seizure. Cortical dysplasia
Lamale-Smith et al. [26] 2015	24	20	Catatonia, disoriented, confused	No	Yes	IV Methylprednisolone IVIg	Disinhibition, memory impairment	C-section at 28 weeks. Normal
Chan et al. [27] 2015	23	1st semester	Fever, hallucinations, disinhibited behavior, confusion	Yes	Not tested	IV-Methylprednisolone PLEX Rituximab Resection of teratoma	Normal	Miscarriage
Mathis Stephanie et al. [28] 2015	21	10	Behavior abnormalities	No	Not tested	IV-Methylpredinisolone IVIg	Slight memory impairment	Normal vaginal delivery at 40 weeks gestation
Kim et al. [29] 2015	28	7	Abnormal behavior, hypoventilation, dyskinesia and epileptic seizure	Yes	Not tested	IV-Methylprednisolone IVIg Oral corticosteroids PLEX, RTX, Resection of teratoma	Slight cognitive function deficits	Miscarriage
Xiao et al. [30] 2017	24	28	Psychiatric symptoms –visual and auditory hallucinations	No	Not tested	IVIg IV-Methylprednisolone Bilateral ovarian wedge resection	Normal	Emergency C-section at 33 weeks gestation. Normal baby
Shanani et al. [31] 2015	26	22	Headache, behavioral abnormalities	No	Not tested	Oral corticosteroids IV-Methylprednisolone, PLEX	Normal	Normal vaginal delivery. Normal baby
Joubert et al. [20] 2020	19	25	Visual hallucination, delirium and agitation	Yes	Not tested	IVIg, cyclophosphamide, Resection of teratoma	Poor responder	C-section. Normal baby
Joubert et al. [20] 2020	37	33	Bulbar palsy and hemifacial sensitivity deficit	No	Not tested	IVIg, cyclophosphamide	Normal	C-section. Normal baby
Joubert et Al. [20] 2020	31	20	Orofacial dyskinesia, cognitive fluctuation, memory deficits, delirium	Yes	Not tested	IVIg, RTX, cyclophosphamide, Resection of teratoma	Poor responder	C-section. Normal baby
Joubert et al. [20] 2020	25	5	Epilepsy and behavior abnormalities	No	Not tested	IVIg, PLEX, RTX	Poor responder	Prematurity
Joubert et al. [20] 2020	20	12	Behavioral abnormalities, dysarthria, motor aphasia	No	Not tested	IVIg	Normal	Normal vaginal delivery. Normal baby
Joubert et al. [20] 2020	23	8	Nausea, visual hallucination, delirium	Yes	Not tested	IVIg, Resection of teratoma	Normal	C-section. Low birth weigh
Keskin et al. [32] 2019	27	18	Seizure, headache, visual hallucination	No	Not tested	IVIg IV-Methylprednisolone, PLEX	Death	Death
Jung et al. [33] 2020	28	24	Depression, focal seizure, headache	No	Not tested	IVIg Oral corticosteroids IV-Methylprednisolone RTX	Normal	C-section. Normal baby
Tailland et al. [34] 2020	37	18	Orofacial dyskinesia, pyramidal bilateral syndrome	No	Not tested	IVIg IV-Methylprednisolone	Not available	Normal