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The structure of exosomes. Exosomes express the proteins involved in MVB formation (Alix and TSG101), membrane transport and fusion (annexins, GTPases), adhesion (integrins), tetraspanins (CD9, CD63, CD81), antigen presentation [major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class molecules], and heat shock proteins (HSP70, HSP90). Exosomes derived from MSCs carry a complex cargo, including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and enzymes.
