Fig. 2. Apparent surface tension (γ*) and surface tension (γ) measurements for diamagnetic and paramagnetic liquids. (A) Apparent surface tension (γ*) measurements for water (violet circles) and a solution of 100 mM HoCl3 (blue triangles) in the absence of a magnetic field (left), with a small permanent magnet approached from the bottom (centre) at a distance d = 10 mm (see Fig. 1 for a map of the corresponding magnetic field), and with a small magnet approached from the side at a distance d = 10 mm. Note that γ* in (A) without the magnet (left side), is an actual surface tension value (γ = γ*). (B) Surface tension (γ) measurements for water (violet circles) and solutions of increasing HoCl3 concentration as a function of the norm of the magnetic field at the drop level. The map of the magnetic field in Fig. 1 corresponds to the points at |B| = 140 mT. Symbols and error bars show mean ± SD from 10 individual experiments.
