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. 2022 Apr 19;16:888461. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.888461

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Copyright © 2022 Maren.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Recent fear is resistant to extinction. Maren and Chang (2006) compared groups of rats that underwent an extinction (EXT) procedure either 15 min or 24 h after auditory fear conditioning; each of these groups was compared to a group of animals that did not undergo extinction (NO-EXT). During the extinction session, rats in the IMMED condition exhibit high levels of sensitized fear (high stress) prior to the first extinction trial, whereas rats in the DELAY condition exhibit low levels of freezing (low stress). Despite showing similar levels of within-session extinction, rats in the IMMED condition exhibit poor long-term retention of extinction relative to animals in the DELAY condition. Unlike DELAY rats, rats in the IMMED condition exhibited similar and high levels of conditioned freezing compared to non-extinguished controls. Elements of the figure were created with BioRender.com; the data shown in the plot were previously published (Maren and Chang, 2006).