Table 3. Associations Between Patient Demographic and Clinical Characteristics With Overall Treatment Failure of Nonoperative Management at 1 Year.
| Characteristic | Patients, No. (%) | Relative risk of failure at 1 y (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment success at 1 y (n = 245) | Treatment failure at 1 y (n = 125) | ||
| Age, ya | |||
| Median (IQR) | 12.5 (10.4-14.8) | 12.0 (9.7-14.3) | NA |
| ≤10 | 85 (63.9) | 48 (36.1) | 1 [Reference] |
| 11-14 | 104 (65.0) | 56 (35.0) | 1.0 (0.7-1.3) |
| 15-17 | 56 (72.7) | 21 (27.3) | 0.8 (0.5-1.2) |
| Pain scorea,b | |||
| Median (IQR) | 5 (3-7) | 6 (3.5-8) | NA |
| 0-2 | 53 (70.7) | 22 (29.3) | 1 [Reference] |
| 3-6 | 106 (68.8) | 48 (31.2) | 1.1 (0.7-1.6) |
| 7-10 | 61 (57.0) | 46 (43.0) | 1.5 (1.0-2.2) |
| Missing | 25 | 9 | NA |
| Duration of pain at ED presentation, ha | |||
| Median (IQR) | 17 (12-24) | 13 (10-24) | NA |
| <10 | 48 (64.9) | 26 (35.1) | 1 [Reference] |
| 10-18 | 79 (64.2) | 44 (35.8) | 1.0 (0.7-1.5) |
| 19-24 | 73 (65.2) | 39 (34.8) | 1.0 (0.7-1.5) |
| 25-72 | 43 (76.8) | 13 (23.2) | 0.7 (0.4-1.2) |
| Missing | 2 | 3 | NA |
| White blood cell count, ×1000 cellsa | |||
| Median (IQR) | 12.5 (10.3-14.9) | 12.6 (10.3-14.8) | NA |
| ≤12.0 | 114 (67.1) | 56 (32.9) | 1 [Reference] |
| 12.1-15.0 | 74 (65.5) | 39 (34.5) | 1.0 (0.8-1.5) |
| 15.1-24.0 | 57 (66.3) | 29 (33.7) | 1.0 (0.7-1.5) |
| Missing | 0 | 1 | NA |
| Sex | |||
| Boys | 155 (67.7) | 74 (32.3) | 1 [Reference] |
| Girls | 90 (63.8) | 51 (36.2) | 1.1 (0.8-1.5) |
| Race | |||
| Black | 20 (57.1) | 15 (42.9) | 1.3 (0.9-2.0) |
| White | 186 (67.4) | 90 (32.6) | 1 [Reference] |
| Otherc | 33 (62.3) | 20 (37.7) | 1.2 (0.8-1.7) |
| Not reported or not documented | 6 | 0 | NA |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Hispanic or Latino | 23 (62.2) | 14 (37.8) | 1.2 (0.8-1.9) |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 167 (68.7) | 76 (31.3) | 1 [Reference] |
| Otherd | 52 (60.5) | 34 (39.5) | 1.3 (0.9-1.7) |
| Not documented or not reported | 3 | 1 | NA |
| Primary language | |||
| English | 189 (66.6) | 95 (33.5) | 1 [Reference] |
| Other language | 45 (65.2) | 24 (34.8) | 1.0 (0.7-1.5) |
| Not documented or not reported | 11 | 6 | NA |
| Insurance | |||
| Private insurance | 173 (69.5) | 76 (30.5) | 0.8 (0.6-1.0) |
| All other insurance or no insurance | 71 (59.7) | 48 (40.3) | 1 [Reference] |
| Medicaid | 66 | 43 | NA |
| Other or no insurance | 5 | 5 | NA |
| Not documented or not reported | 1 | 1 | NA |
| Transfer from another ED or hospitale | 105 (66.0) | 54 (34.0) | 1.0 (0.8-1.3) |
| Symptoms at presentatione | |||
| Nausea | 149 (65.4) | 79 (34.7) | 1.1 (0.8-1.4) |
| Emesis | 100 (63.3) | 58 (36.7) | 1.2 (0.9-1.5) |
| Diarrhea | 30 (76.9) | 9 (23.1) | 0.7 (0.4-1.2) |
| Fever | 49 (69.0) | 22 (31.0) | 0.9 (0.6-1.3) |
| Anorexia | 109 (64.9) | 59 (35.1) | 1.1 (0.8-1.4) |
| Imaging performed | |||
| Ultrasonography only | 173 (64.8) | 94 (35.2) | 0.9 (0.8-1.1) |
| CT scan only | 51 (68.9) | 23 (31.1) | 1 [Reference] |
| Ultrasonography and CT scan | 20 (71.4) | 8 (28.6) | 1.0 (0.8-1.4) |
| Missing | 1 | 0 | NA |
Abbreviations: CT, computed tomography; ED, emergency department; NA, not applicable.
a
The P value for linear trend in risk over categorical groups is as follows: age, P = .22; pain score, P = .04; pain duration, P = .19; and white blood cell count, P = .87.
b
Scale from 1 to 10; higher scores indicates more pain.
c
Other includes Asian, American Indian, Alaska Native, other race, and biracial or multiracial.
d
The Other category included caregiver-entered free-text responses of American, Albanian, Asian, Middle Eastern, Nepali, Somali, and multiethnic.
e
Relative risk association with not having characteristic.