. 2022 Apr 18;24(4):e30260. doi: 10.2196/30260

Table 3.

Relationship between procedural pain and pain catastrophizing.

			Rumination				Magnification				Helplessness					PCS^a total
			GI^b		VR^c		GI		VR		GI		VR		GI			VR
Worst pain
	r^d	0.22		0.26		0.22		0.28		0.33		0.25		0.3			0.29
	P value	.13		.07		.13		.06		.02		.09		.04			.04
Average pain
	r	0.28		0.25		0.32		0.4		0.4		0.37		0.39			0.38
	P value	.06		.09		.03		.005		.005		.01		.007			.009
Nervousness about pain
	r	0.29		0.05		0.21		0.11		0.35		0.08		0.34			0.09
	P value	.05		.72		.16		.46		.02		.60		.02			.56
Time spent thinking about pain
	r	0.17		0.08		0.07		0.16		0.16		0.21		0.16			0.17
	P value	.26		.60		.63		.29		.27		.15		.27			.24
CEMS^e
	r	0.16		0.25		0.18		0.21		0.22		0.17		0.22			0.23
	P value	.28		.08		.21		.15		.14		.26		.14			.11

^aPCS: Pain Catastrophizing Scale.

^bGI: guided imagery.

^cVR: virtual reality.

^dr: estimate of Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient.

^eCEMS: Children’s Emotional Manifestation Scale.