Table 2.
Summary of examples of nonmetal based plasmonic biosensors.
| Materials | Synthesis method | System/Method | Disease detected | Biomarker | POC ability | Limit of detection | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RGO | Sputter coating (Au) incubated with RGO | SPR | Dengue | DENV 2 E-proteins | High | 0.08 pM | [162] |
| Paper | Commercial product (Dynabeads, streptavidin−β-galactosidase conjugate) | Colorimetric sensing | Salmonellosis | Salmonella typhimurium | High | 100 CFU/mL | [163] |
| Photo irridation (PDA) | Colorimetric sensing | Influenza A | pH1N1 | High | 103–5 × 103 TCID50 | [164] | |
| Polymer | Polymerization | SPR | HBV | Anti-HBs | High | N/A | [165] |
| Graphene | Commercial product (Graphene) | Colorimetric | Inflammation | C-reactive protein | High | 0.07 ng/mL | [166] |