Table 1.
Baseline visits and follow-ups
| Measure | Baseline | Biennial follow-up |
| Demographic information (sex, age, nationality, marriage, education, monthly salary, occupation) | √ | |
| Disease history (eg, MI, CAD, cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease) | √ | √ |
| Intervention (eg, PCI, CABG, CRT/ICD, valvular surgery, TAVI, ventricular aneurysm surgery) | √ | √ |
| Arrhythmia (atrial/ventricular premature beats, atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, sick sinus syndrome, atrioventricular block) | √ | √ |
| Medication history (eg, aspirin, P2Y12 inhibitors, ACEI/ARB/ARNI, β-blocker, CCB, statins, diuretic, aldosterone receptor antagonist, digoxin, amiodarone) | √ | √ |
| Comorbidity (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, stroke, chronic kidney disease, thyroid disease, pulmonary diseases) | √ | √ |
| Family history of cardiovascular diseases or metabolic abnormalities | √ | |
| Dietary pattern (eg, food type, food frequency and flavour) | √ | |
| Lifestyle behaviours (eg, tea, coffee and alcohol consumption) | √ | |
| Sleep duration, sleep quality, snoring, the use of sleeping pills | √ | |
| Muscle function and strength (eg, SARC-F questionnaire, handgrip and limb muscle strength) | √ | |
| Bowel movements (eg, stool frequency, constipation and the use of laxative) | √ | |
| Physical activity (eg, exercise type, exercise frequency and exercise duration) | √ | |
| Physical examination (eg, height, weight, waist and hip circumference and blood pressure) | √ | |
| HF symptoms (acute/chronic HF, Killip class, NYHA class, nausea/vomiting and oedema) | √ | √ |
| Cardiac imaging test (coronary angiography/electrocardiography, echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance) | √ | √ |
| Chest CT, vascular ultrasonography, ABI, PWV | √ | |
| Blood biochemical parameters (WBC, RBC, platelets, glucose and insulin, HbA1c, lipid profile, creatinine and uric acid, pro-BNP, thyroxine, interleukin, hs-CRP, myocardial enzymes, tumour necrosis factor, tumour markers, ferritin) | √ | |
| Urine sample (urine protein, microalbuminuria, creatinine and albumin/creatinine) | √ |
ABI, ankle brachial index; ACEI, ACE inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ARNI, angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CAD, coronary artery disease; CCB, calcium channel blocker; CRT, cardiac resynchronisation therapy; HbA1c, haemoglobin A1c; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C reactive protein; ICD, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; MI, myocardial infarction; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; pro-BNP, pro-brain natriuretic peptide; PWV, pulse wave velocity; RBC, red blood cell; TAVI, transcatheter aortic valve implantation; WBC, white blood cell.