Table 2.

Model results and 95% CI

	Rate ratios from the difference-in-difference Poisson model
	Age 5–17	Age 18–44	Age 45–64
Inpatient visits	0.92 (0.83 to 1.03)	1.05 (1.02 to 1.08)	0.93 (0.88 to 0.97)
Emergency department visits	1.31 (1.24 to 1.37)	1.45 (1.41 to 1.49)	1.16 (1.11 to 1.21)
Outpatient visits	0.86 (0.85 to 0.87)	1.04 (1.04 to 1.05)	0.92 (0.92 to 0.93)
Pharmacy claims	0.94 (0.94 to 0.95)	1.06 (1.06 to 1.06)	0.93 (0.92 to 0.93)

	Rate ratios from the difference-in-difference Poisson model substance use and mental health related
	Age 5–17	Age 18–44	Age 45–64
Inpatient visits	NA*	1.11 (1.01 to 1.22)	1.19 (1.04 to 1.36)
Emergency department visits	4.11 (3.28 to 5.16)	2.46 (2.20 to 2.76)	1.48 (1.31 to 1.67)
Outpatient visits	1.12 (1.09 to 1.16)	0.93 (0.92 to 0.95)	0.87 (0.85 to 0.89)

	ORs from the difference-in-difference logistic model
	Age 5–17	Age 18–44	Age 45–64
Insomnia	1.64 (1.12 to 2.39)	1.17 (1.09 to 1.26)	1.18 (1.09 to 1.28)
Cardiovascular disease†	NA*	1.45 (1.30 to 1.62)	1.15 (1.07 to 1.25)
Alcohol use disorder	NA*	0.97 (0.86 to 1.11)	1.16 (0.99 to 1.35)
Substance use disorder	NA*	0.92 (0.83 to 1.03)	1.24 (1.07 to 1.44)
Depression	NA*	1.12 (1.02 to 1.24)	1.20 (1.08 to 1.33)
Anxiety	NA*	1.02 (0.95 to 1.10)	1.01 (0.92 to 1.11)
Mood disorder	NA*	1.03 (0.95 to 1.10)	1.10 (1.00 to 1.20)
Disorders diagnosed young	0.80 (0.66 to 0.97)	0.99 (0.72 to 1.37)	0.56 (0.31 to 1.04)

*These diseases and conditions are rare or difficult to diagnose in children.

†We adopted a longer follow-up period 2008–2011(pre-implementation) and 2013–2016 (TNNIS implementation) to allow for lag time in disease manifestation.