Table 3.

Applying MULTI-ACT MSC at different phases

Initiation	Planning: The CRIF dimensions and the potential indicators enable the research initiative to strategically design and evaluate (ex ante) the expected impact of research, in line with its vision and agenda.
Execution	Monitoring: The MSC can serve to implement the shared mission of the initiative. It can be used as a monitoring tool to assess the RRI activities. It can also be used iteratively during the execution of the initiative.
Evaluation and feedback	Assessment: The MSC can be applied at the end of the initiative to assess how the desired results were reached. If the MSC is applied from the beginning of the project, the impacts can be compared with the initial evaluation output. This can also help strategically orient future initiatives.