Table 3.
Univariate analysis of exclusive breastfeeding rate at 6 months (N = 443)
| Variable | 6 follow-up Numbers(Percentages%) | exclusive breastfeeding numbers(Percentages%) | H/χ2 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal Age | 3.247a | 0.918 | ||
| 18 ~ 25 | 31(7.0%) | 5(16.1%) | ||
| 26 ~ 30 | 151(34.1%) | 19(12.6%) | ||
| 31 ~ 34 | 217(49.0%) | 23(10.6%) | ||
| ≥ 35 | 44(9.9%) | 5(11.4%) | ||
| Maternal educational level | 1.218 a | 0.976 | ||
| Primary studies | 12(2.7%) | 1(8.3%) | ||
| Secondary studies | 45(10.2%) | 4(8.9%) | ||
| Undergraduate studies | 300(67.7%) | 36(12.0%) | ||
| Postgraduate studies | 86(19.4%) | 11(12.8%) | ||
| Maternal occupation | 4.598a | 0.970 | ||
| Employment | 437(98.6%) | 51(11.7%) | ||
| Unemployed | 6(1.4%) | 1(16.7%) | ||
| Residency | 2.041a | 0.728 | ||
| Urban | 382(86.2%) | 43(11.3%) | ||
| Rural | 61(13.8%) | 9(9.8%) | ||
| Family income(RMB) | 3.555a | 0.895 | ||
| <5000 | 33(7.4%) | 3(9.1%) | ||
| 5000 ~ 10,000 | 68(15.3%) | 9(13.2%) | ||
| 10,000 ~ 15,000 | 75(16.9%) | 7(9.3%) | ||
| 15,000 ~ 20,000 | 77(17.4%) | 10(13.0%) | ||
| 20,001 ~ 25,000 | 124(28.0%) | 7(5.6%) | ||
| 25,001 ~ 30,000 | 32(7.2%) | 5(15.6%) | ||
| 30,001 ~ 35,000 | 25(5.6%) | 3(12.0%) | ||
| ≥ 35,001 | 9(2.0%) | 8(88.9%) | ||
| Type of delivery | 6.166a | 0.046* | ||
| Vaginal | 196(44.2%) | 31(15.8%) | ||
| Cesarean | 247(55.8%) | 21(8.5%) | ||
| Gestational age (week) | 15.401a | 0.004* | ||
| 28 ~ 32+ 6 | 40(9.0%) | 3(7.5%) | ||
| 33 ~ 34+ 6 | 44(9.9%) | 4(9.1%) | ||
| 35 ~ 36+ 6 | 359(81.0%) | 45(12.5%) | ||
| Labor Complication | 4.085a | 0.982 | ||
| No | 215(48.5%) | 26(12.1%) | ||
| Yes | 228(51.5%) | 26(11.4%) | ||
| Payment type of expenses | 4.618a | 0.594 | ||
| Medical insurance | 349(78.8%) | 41(11.7%) | ||
| Self-paid | 79(17.8%) | 8(10.1%) | ||
| Other | 6(1.4%) | 1(16.7%) | ||
| Unclear | 9(2.0%) | 2(22.2%) | ||
| Live with husbands during Perinatal period | 2.180a | 0.336 | ||
| Yes | 431(97.3%) | 49(11.4%) | ||
| No | 12(2.7%) | 3(25.0%) | ||
| Prenatal work | 0.069a | 0.966 | ||
| Yes | 371(83.7%) | 44(11.9%) | ||
| No | 72(16.3%) | 8(11.1%) | ||
| Length of hospitalization(h) | 10.795a | 0.095 | ||
| 36 ~ 48 | 18(4.1%) | 2(11.1%) | ||
| 49 ~ 72 | 96(21.7%) | 15(15.8%) | ||
| 73 ~ 96 | 81(18.3%) | 8(9.9%) | ||
| >96 | 248(56.0%) | 27(10.9%) | ||
| Plan to work after maternity leave | 0.188 a | 0.943 | ||
| Yes | 366(82.6%) | 43(11.7%) | ||
| No | 77(17.4%) | 9(11.7%) | ||
| Planned pregnancy | 3.181a | 0.528 | ||
| Yes | 67(15.1%) | 19(28.4%) | ||
| No | 376(84.9%) | 67(17.8%) | ||
| Estimated breastfeeding time(month) | 1.286a | 0.972 | ||
| ≤ 6 | 77(17.4%) | 7(9.1%) | ||
| 6 ~ 12 | 322(72.7%) | 41(12.7%) | ||
| 12 ~ 24 | 43(9.7%) | 4(9.3%) | ||
| >24 | 1(0.2%) | 0(0.0%) | ||
| Methods of removing breast milk during the period of mother and infant seperation | 2.500a | 0.645 | ||
| By hand | 54(12.2%) | 7(13.0%) | ||
| Breast pump | 129(29.1%) | 16(12.4%) | ||
| By hand+ Breast pump | 260(58.7%) | 29(11.2%) | ||
| Number of removing the milk by hand per day | 2.880a | 0.578 | ||
| <8 | 309(69.8%) | 32(10.4%) | ||
| 8 ~ 12 | 132(29.8%) | 20(15.2%) | ||
| >12 | 2(0.5%) | 0(0.0%) | ||
| Time of each removing the milk by hand | 0.163a | 0.997 | ||
| <10 | 135(30.5%) | 16(11.9%) | ||
| 10 ~ 30 | 268(60.5%) | 32(11.9%) | ||
| >30 | 40(9.0%) | 4(10.0%) | ||
| Visit NICU newborns | 0.317a | 0.853 | ||
| Yes | 243(54.9%) | 28(11.5%) | ||
| No | 200(45.1%) | 24(12.0%) | ||
| Deliver milk to the infants in NICU | 11.429a | 0.003* | ||
| Yes | 236(56.6%) | 39(16.5%) | ||
| No | 207(46.7%) | 13(6..3%) | ||
| Husband Age(years) | 2.527a | 0.960 | ||
| 18 ~ 25 | 15(3.4%) | 2(13.3%) | ||
| 26 ~ 30 | 131(29.6%) | 17(13.0%) | ||
| 31 ~ 34 | 169(38.1%) | 17(10.1%) | ||
| ≥ 35 | 128(28.9%) | 16(12.5%) | ||
| Husband’s education. Level | 4.120a | 0.660 | ||
| Primary studies | 10(2.3%) | 1(10.0%) | ||
| Secondary studies | 65(14.7%) | 8(12.3%) | ||
| Undergraduate studies | 247(55.8%) | 28(11.3%) | ||
| Postgraduate studies | 127(28.7%) | 15(11.8%) | ||
| Husband’s Planned pregnancy | 5.102a | 0.531 | ||
| Yes | 66(14.9%) | 10(15.2%) | ||
| No | 377(85.1%) | 42(11.1%) | ||
| Husband’s attitude towards breastfeeding. | 5.654a | 0.686 | ||
| 5 | 6(1.4%) | 1(16.7%) | ||
| 6 | 11(2.5%) | 1(9.1%) | ||
| 7 | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | ||
| 8 | 46(10.4%) | 6(13.0%) | ||
| 9 | 25(5.6%) | 2(8.0%) | ||
| 10 | 355(80.1%) | 42(11.8%) | ||
| Infant gender | 0.219a | 0.896 | ||
| Male | 221(49.9%) | 27(12.2%) | ||
| Female | 222(50.1%) | 25(11.3%) | ||
| Weight at birth(g) | 4.879a | 0.770 | ||
| <1500 | 22(5.0%) | 3(5.8%) | ||
| 1500 ~ 2000 | 36(8.1%) | 4(11.1%) | ||
| 2000 ~ 2500 | 118(26.6%) | 9(7.6%) | ||
| 2500 ~ 3000 | 50(11.3%) | 6(12.0%) | ||
| >3000 | 217(49.0%) | 30(13.8%) | ||
| Apgar score | 17.940a | 0.006* | ||
| ≤ 6 | 12(2.7%) | 1(8.3%) | ||
| 7 | 38(8.6%) | 2(5.3%) | ||
| 8 | 107(24.2%) | 5(4.7%) | ||
| 9 ~ 10 | 286(64.6%) | 44(15.4%) | ||
| Type of feeding in NICU | 13.346a | 0.010* | ||
| Exclusive breastfeeding | 41(9.3%) | 11(26.8%) | ||
| Partial breastfeeding | 185(41.8%) | 21(11.4%) | ||
| Formula | 217(49.0%) | 20(9.2%) | ||
| Breastfeeding knowledge level | 58.991a | 0.000* | ||
| Higher score(>14) | 232(52.4%) | 42(18.1%) | ||
| lower score(≤14) | 211(47.6%) | 10(4.7%) | ||
| Breastfeeding self-efficacy levels | 58.050a | 0.000* | ||
| Higher score(≤3) | 249(56.2%) | 10(4.0%) | ||
| lower score(>3) | 194(43.8%) | 42(80.8%) | ||
| Postnatal depression | 87.614a | 0.000* | ||
| No depression(≤9) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | ||
| Mild depression(10 ~ 13) | 222(50.5%) | 38(17.1%) | ||
| Major depression(≥14) | 221(49.9%) | 14(6.3%) | ||
| Maternal family support | 71.828a | 0.000* | ||
| lower score(≤3) | 220(49.7%) | 10(4.5%) | ||
| Higher score(>3) | 223(50.3%) | 42(18.8%) |
Note: a is the H value; * is the P value < 0.05