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. 2022 May 3;21:46. doi: 10.1186/s12940-022-00860-0

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Association between urinary concentrations of glyphosate and faecal microbiota metabolism in 124 individuals. A Detection of glyphosate in a urine sample spiked with 0.1 μg/L of glyphosate. B MRM transition spectrum for the same sample. C Urinary glyphosate levels as a boxplot with the highest censoring threshold (LOQ) shown as a horizontal line. D Glyphosate levels according to living areas. E Faecal metabolites, which have the largest difference in abundance as box plots. F Beta diversity using Bray-Curtis dissimilarity. G Alpha diversity as the number of observed species. H. Relative abundance (as copies per million, cpm) for the bacteria contributing to the abundance (white to red: relative abundance; grey: undetected) of the shikimate pathway (as MetaCyc: chorismate biosynthesis I)