Table 2.
V-ATPase in cell death and cancer.
| Type | Subunit of V-ATPase | Expression and function | Model | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apoptosis | a2 | Upregulation; inhibits apoptosis and promotes angiogenesis, cancer cell invasion, and neutrophil recruitment | Neutrophils; human lung, endometrium, bladder, and kidney cancer tissues | [67] |
| Apoptosis | a2 | Upregulation; inhibits apoptosis and promotes tumor cell survival | A2780 and SKOV‐3 cancer cell lines; female athymic nude mice | [141] |
| Apoptosis | a2 | Upregulation; inhibits apoptosis and promotes tumor invasion and drug resistance | A2780, TOV112D, cis-A2780, and cis-TOV112D cancer cell lines | [81] |
| Apoptosis | c | Upregulation; inhibits apoptosis and promotes drug resistance | Drug-resistant MCF-7 and ADR cancer cell lines | [79] |
| Apoptosis | c | Upregulation; inhibits apoptosis and promotes drug resistance | KB, PC3, and MCF7 cancer cell lines | [192] |
| Lysosome-dependent cell death | c | Upregulation; participates in proton transport and maintains lysosomal acidification | HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cell lines | [68] |
| Lysosome-dependent cell death | c | Upregulation; forms a channel to mediate proton transport | HeLa cancer cell line; RAW264.7 macrophage cell lines | [180] |
| Ferroptosis | N/A | Upregulation; maintains lysosomal acidification and promotes the fusion of macropinosomes and lysosomes | HK2 cancer cell line; RAW264.7 macrophage cell line | [171] |
| Alkaliptosis | d1 | Upregulation; promotes cytoplasmic pH alkalization and increases alkaliptosis | SW1990 and MIAPaCa2 cancer cell lines | |
| Anoikis | B2, d1 | Upregulation; inhibits anoikis | HeLa, MCF-7, and B16F10 cancer cell lines; BALB/c nude mice | [145] |