Table 2.

Data on disease outcomes after anti-TNF-α tapering or discontinuation. LDA: low disease activity

Study	Outcome
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Mangoni et al. [144]	53% do not relapse after anti-TNF-α discontinuation
Tanaka et al. [147]	LDA at 1-year follow-up: 91% in patients who continued adalimumab 62% in patients that discontinued adalimumab 79% in patients discontinued while in deep remission Adalimumab re-administration achieved LDA in 100% after 9 months
van Mulligen et al. [142]	Withdrawal of anti-TNF-α leads in numerically increased flare rate at 1 year, compared to cDMARD withdrawal
Curtis et al. [143]	Withdrawal of etanercept leads in statistically lower remission rate at 1 year, compared to methotrexate withdrawal anti-TNF-α tapering or withdrawal feasible in 41% at 3-year follow-up
Sigaux et al. [146]
Psoriatic Arthritis
Ye et al. [151]	Remission is maintained in 60–88.7% after tapering 48.3–83.3% of patients experience a flare within 22–29 months after anti-TNF-α discontinuation
Huynh et al. [152]	55% do not relapse after anti-TNF-α discontinuation
Axial Spondylarthritis
Navarro-Compan et al. [149]	76–100% flare risk in a median 4 months after anti-TNF-α withdrawal 53–100% successful flare-free anti-TNF-α tapering
Landewe et al. [150]	During 48 weeks, remission was maintained in: 83.7% in full dose certolizumab arm 79.0% in reduced dose certolizumab arm 20.2% in placebo (discontinuation) arm
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Iglesias et al. [153]	82% relapsed a mean 3 months after anti-TNF-α withdrawal
Cai et al. [154]	87.1% of etanercept-treated patients maintained remission for 2 years after 50% dose reduction
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Gisbert et al. [155]	58% of CD and 72% of UC patients remained in remission after 1 year In 80% of those who relapsed, remission was achieved after anti-TNF-α reinstitution
Kobayashi et al. [156]	54% of UC patients was still in remission 1 year after infliximab discontinuation
Little et al. [157]	50–93% remained in remission 1 year after anti-TNF-α tapering
Psoriasis
Kim et al. [159]	In 69–83% of “relapsers” after drug discontinuation, remission was achieved after re-treatment with anti-TNF-α
Stinco et al. [160]	50% did not relapse during the first 6 months after anti-TNF-α discontinuation Re-administration of anti-TNF-α resulted again in remission
Hansel et al. [161]	60% maintained complete remission for at least 4 years after adalimumab discontinuation
Behcet’s Disease
Sfikakis et al. [162]	Long-term remission in 40% after discontinuation