. 2022 May 1;18:159. doi: 10.1186/s12917-022-03261-0

Table 5.

Liver enzymes and kidney markers of the experimental Oreochromis niloticus

Parameters	Day	G1	G2	G3	G4	G5	G6	G7	Sig. P≤
ALT (u/L)	30	37.00^d ± 0.30	73.30^c ± 1.64	80.10^a ± 0.81	72.60^b ± 1.45	57.60^b ± 2.18	40.20^d ± 0.24	58.10^c ± 2.42	0.01
	45	37.80^f ± 0.64	64.50^d ± 2.26	87.0^a ± 0.63	80.40^b ± 0.49	60.62^c ± 1.60	37.60^f ± 0.48	49.50^e ± 0.49	0.05
	60	39.06^f ± 0.32	56.40^c ± 0.81	87.4^a ± 0.67	76.00^b ± 1.30	51.10^d ± 0.98	38.40^f ± 0.67	47.80^e ± 0.64	0.001
	Average	38.00^f ± 0.32	63.02^c ± 2.60	84.8^a ± 0.97	76.30^b ± 1.05	58.20^d ± 0.90	38.70^f ± 0.39	51.80^e ± 1.40	0.05
AST (u/L)	30	40.60^e ± 0.18	45.10^cd ± 0.84	71.0^a ± 1.14	50.60^b ± 1.45	46.10^c ± 0.81	41.70^e ± 0.24	42.70^de ± 0.65
	45	35.20^f ± 0.49	47.40^c ± 1.31	67.3^a ± 0.48	55.90^b ± 1.45	38.80^de ± 0.96	37.20^ef ± 0.60	40.80^d ± 0.86
	60	38.20^f ± 0.18	44.30^c ± 0.18	67.0^a ± 1.62	59.60^b ± 1.64	37.80^de ± 0.84	36.90^ef ± 0.32	37.80^d ± 0.86	0.0001
	Average	38.00^e ± 0.61	45.60^c ± 0.59	68.4^a ± 0.79	55.40^b ± 1.28	40.90^d ± 1.09	38.60^de ± 0.64	40.40^de ± 0.68	0.05
Creatinine (mg/dl)	30	0.72^e ± 0.03	1.60^b ± 0.07	1.77^ab ± 0.02	1.83^a ± 0.04	1.30^c ± 0.03	1.10^d ± 0.06	1.32^c ± 0.24	0.001
	45	0.71^d ± 0.06	1.71^b ± 0.08	1.60^b ± 0.04	2.04^a ± 0.05	1.10^c ± 0.06	0.90^cd ± 0.03	1.11^c ± 0.04
	60	0.94^c ± 0.06	1.47^a ± 0.05	2.05^a ± 0.13	1.87^a ± 0.05	1.27^b ± 0.06	0.90^c ± 0.03	1.18^b ± 0.19
	Average	0.80^e ± 0.04	1.78^b ± 0.05	1.82^ab ± 0.06	1.91^ab ± 0.03	1.22^c ± 0.03	0.96^d ± 0.03	1.20^c ± 0.02	0.05
Urea (mg/dl)	30	3.70^e ± 0.06	5.54^c ± 0.24	8.01^a ± 0.08	6.62^b ± 0.04	5.36^c ± 0.13	4.17^d ± 0.19	5.59^c ± 0.16	0.001
	45	3.41^f ± 0.06	5.67^c ± 0.14	7.19^a ± 0.17	6.82^b ± 0.11	4.00^e ± 0.06	3.97^e ± 0.11	4.92^d ± 0.06
	60	3.52^f ± 0.09	6.19^c ± 0.14	7.46^b ± 0.079	7.81^a ± 0.08	5.23^d ± 0.153	3.78^f ± 0.096	4.83^c ± 0.142
	Average	3.54^f ± 0.05	5.80^c ± 0.12	7.5^ab ± 0.11	7.08^b ± 0.14	4.8^d ± 0.17	3.97^e ± 0.08	5.10^d ± 0.11	0.01

Means with different superscripts at the same row are statistically different (P ≤ 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01 and 0.05)

G1 (negative control); G2 (2 mg L⁻¹ glyphosate); G3 (0.5 malathion mg L⁻¹); G4: (glyphosate 1.6 mg L⁻¹and malathion 0.3 L⁻¹). G5: (glyphosate 2 mg L⁻¹and SY 3.3 mg kg ⁻¹), G6: (malathion 0.5 mgL^− 1and SY 3.3 mg kg ^− 1) and G7: (glyphosate 1.6 mgL^− 1; malathion 0.3 mgL^− 1and SY 3.3 mg kg ^− 1). SY: selenium yeast