Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of included studies.
| Study | Country | Sample size | Age (year) | Male (%) | BMI (kg/m2) | Intervention and control | Co-intervention | Follow-up duration (month) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Matsumoto 2005 (11) | Japan | 219 | 67.2 | 1.8 | 22.0 | ED-71 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 µg/day; placebo | Vitamin D3 | 12.0 |
| Matsumoto 2011 (12) | Japan | 1,054 | 72.2 | 2.3 | 22.2 | ED-71 0.75 µg/day; ALF 1.0 µg/day | Vitamin D3 | 36.0 |
| Sakai 2015 (13) | Japan | 219 | 71.5 | 2.3 | 22.0 | ED-71 0.75 µg/day plus alendronate 35 mg weekly; vitamin D 400 IU, calcium 610 mg daily plus alendronate 35 mg weekly | None | 11.2 |
| Nakatoh 2017 (14) | Japan | 121 | 82.4 | 0.0 | 21.6 | ED-71 0.75 µg/day; minodronate 50 mg/28 days; raloxifene 60 mg/day | None | 11.2 |
| Jiang 2019 (15) | China | 249 | 65.5 | 2.8 | 22.6 | ED-71 0.75 µg/day; ALF 1.0 µg/day | None | 12.0 |
| Suzuki 2019 (16) | Japan | 28 | 67.3 | 0.0 | 20.3 | Minodronate 50 mg/months plus ED-71 0.75 µg/day; minodronate 50 mg/month | None | 18.0 |
| Matsumoto 2020 (17) | Japan | 360 | 58.4 | 33.6 | NA | ED-71 0.75 µg/day; ALF 1.0 µg/day | None | 24.0 |
| Suzuki 2020 (18) | Japan | 118 | 73.9 | 0.0 | 22.2 | ED-71 0.75 µg/day; alendronate 35 mg weekly | None | 5.6 |
ED-71, Eldecalcitol.