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. 2022 Apr 19;14:867863. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.867863

FIGURE 3.

FIGURE 3

To study the mechanisms of clinical diseases using optogenetics. We can introduce photosensitive proteins outside the body, or we can introduce viruses that transmit photosensitive genes, or we can shine light directly on specific areas. This can lead to changes in cell membrane pathways in the irradiated area, which can affect cell function. The related functions of organisms can be altered to study clinical diseases.