Table 2.
Influenza vaccination coverage* by demographic and access-to-care characteristics among adults with and without diabetes — National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2017–18 season
| With diabetes | Without diabetes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weighted % vaccinated | Weighted % vaccinated | |||
| Characteristic | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | ||
| Total | 64.8 (61.7–67.9) | 43.9 (42.7–45.1)‡ | ||
| Age (in years) | ||||
| 18–49 | 45.9 (38.6–53.9)§ | 34.5 (33.0–36.1)‡,§ | ||
| 50–64 | 63.0 (58.0–68.0)§ | 45.7 (43.6–47.8)‡,§ | ||
| ≥65|| | 75.3 (71.4–79.0) | 71.3 (69.1–73.5) | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 64.1 (59.9–68.3) | 39.6 (38.0–41.3)‡,§ | ||
| Female|| | 65.6 (61.1–70.0) | 47.9 (46.3–49.5)‡ | ||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic white|| | 67.6 (64.1–71.1) | 47.2 (46.0–48.5)‡ | ||
| Non-Hispanic black | 54.4 (46.4–62.9)§ | 36.9 (33.3–40.8)‡,§ | ||
| Hispanic | 58.6 (48.5–68.9) | 35.6 (32.5–38.9)‡,§ | ||
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 71.5 (59.3–82.7) | 48.4 (43.7–53.3)‡ | ||
| Non-Hispanic other or multiple races | 74.7 (58.4–88.3) | 34.8 (28.9–41.4)‡,§ | ||
| Marital Status | ||||
| Married | 67.5 (63.6–71.4)§ | 49.2 (47.6–50.9)‡,§ | ||
| Widowed/divorced/separated | 66.9 (61.9–71.7)§ | 50.7 (48.4–52.9)‡,§ | ||
| Never married|| | 52.5 (45.0–60.4) | 32.0 (30.1–33.9)‡ | ||
| Education | ||||
| High school or less|| | 64.4 (59.8–68.9) | 36.5 (34.6–38.5)‡ | ||
| Some college or college graduate | 64.1 (59.3–68.8) | 44.6 (43.0–46.2)‡,§ | ||
| Above college graduate | 74.8 (65.9–83.0)§ | 60.7 (58.0–63.4)‡,§ | ||
| Employment status | ||||
| Employed|| | 55.8 (50.9–61.0) | 39.5 (38.1–41.0)‡ | ||
| Not employed | 70.6 (66.9–74.2)§ | 52.5 (50.6–54.5)‡,§ | ||
| Poverty level | ||||
| At or above poverty | 66.3 (62.9–69.6)§ | 44.8 (43.6–46.1)‡,§ | ||
| Below poverty|| | 51.9 (43.2–61.1) | 34.9 (31.9–38.2)‡ | ||
| Region | ||||
| Northeast|| | 68.4 (60.2–76.4) | 48.4 (45.5–51.4)‡ | ||
| Midwest | 63.6 (57.8–69.4) | 45.5 (43.6–47.5)‡ | ||
| South | 61.7 (57.2–66.3) | 42.1 (40.0–44.2)‡,§ | ||
| West | 69.2 (61.4–76.7) | 42.1 (39.6–44.6)‡,§ | ||
| US born status | ||||
| Yes|| | 65.4 (62.2–68.6) | 44.8 (43.6–46.1)‡ | ||
| No | 61.3 (52.8–69.9) | 40.2 (37.3–43.3)‡,§ | ||
| Physician contacts within past year | ||||
| None|| | 39.6 (28.5–53.1) | 17.7 (16.0–19.6)‡ | ||
| 1 | 52.7 (41.5–64.8) | 38.0 (35.7–40.5)‡,§ | ||
| 2–3 | 57.6 (51.1–64.2)§ | 50.0 (47.7–52.3)‡`,§ | ||
| 4–9 | 69.4 (64.2–74.5)§ | 55.8 (53.4–58.4)‡,§ | ||
| ≥10 | 72.0 (66.9–76.8)§ | 56.7 (53.8–59.7)‡,§ | ||
| Hospitalization within past year | ||||
| Yes | 71.5 (65.3–77.5)§ | 57.5 (53.6–61.5)‡,§ | ||
| No|| | 63.3 (59.8–66.7) | 42.7 (41.5–44.0)‡ | ||
| Usual place for health care | ||||
| Yes | 66.1 (63.0–69.2)§ | 48.5 (47.2–49.8)‡,§ | ||
| No|| | 39.2 (27.8–53.3) | 17.7 (15.7–19.9)‡ | ||
| Health insurance | ||||
| Yes | 66.1 (63.0–69.2)§ | 47.3 (46.1–48.6)‡,§ | ||
| No|| | 39.2 (27.8–53.3) | 14.6 (12.3–17.2)‡ | ||
| Persons with high-risk conditions other than diabetes † | ||||
| Yes | 66.6 (62.3–70.9) | 58.4 (56.2–60.7)‡,§ | ||
| No|| | 63.2 (59.0–67.4) | 40.8 (39.5–42.1)‡ | ||
| Physical activity | ||||
| Yes | 62.6 (57.0–68.3) | 43.9 (42.2–45.6)‡ | ||
| No|| | 65.4 (61.8–68.9) | 44.0 (42.5–45.5)‡ | ||
Respondents were asked if they had received an influenza shot or nasal spray in the past 12 months, and if so, in which month and year. Interviews conducted during August 2017 through June 2018 were used to estimate vaccination coverage during July 2017 through May 2018 using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis.
Persons with high-risk conditions other than diabetes included persons who have heart disease, lung diseases, end-stage renal failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or cancer (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer).
p<0.05 by t-test for comparison between adults with and without diabetes within each level of each characteristic.
p<0.05 by t-test for comparison within each variable with the indicated reference level.
Reference level.