Table 3.
Multivariate logistic regression analyses of adults with and without diabetes who reported receiving influenza vaccination,* by demographic and access-to-care characteristics — National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2017–18 season
| Adjusted prevalence ratio among adults with diabetes | Adjusted prevalence ratio among adults without diabetes | |
|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | (95% CI)† | (95% CI)† |
| Age (in years) | ||
| 18–49 | 0.63 (0.55–0.72)‡ | 0.62 (0.59–0.65)‡ |
| 50–64 | 0.85 (0.78–0.92)‡ | 0.71 (0.68–0.75)‡ |
| ≥65 | Reference | Reference |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 0.96 (0.89–1.03) | 0.93 (0.90–0.96)‡ |
| Female | Reference | Reference |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| Non-Hispanic white | Reference | Reference |
| Non-Hispanic black | 0.86 (0.75–0.98)‡ | 0.91 (0.85–0.98)‡ |
| Hispanic | 0.95 (0.84–1.07) | 1.06 (1.00–1.13) |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 1.13 (0.96–1.33) | 1.16 (1.06–1.27) |
| Non-Hispanic other or multiple races | 1.15 (0.97–1.36) | 0.88 (0.77–1.01) |
| Marital Status | ||
| Married | 1.10 (0.98–1.22) | 1.12 (1.07–1.18)‡ |
| Widowed/divorced/separated | 1.04 (0.92–1.17) | 1.03 (0.97–1.09) |
| Never married | Reference | Reference |
| Education | ||
| High school or less | Reference | Reference |
| Some college or college graduate | 0.95 (0.87–1.03) | 1.15 (1.10–1.21)‡ |
| Above college graduate | 1.11 (0.99–1.25) | 1.45 (1.37–1.54)‡ |
| Employment status | ||
| Employed | Reference | Reference |
| Not employed | 1.10 (1.01–1.20)‡ | 1.03 (0.98–1.08) |
| Poverty level | ||
| At or above poverty | 1.17 (1.03–1.33)‡ | 1.00 (0.93–1.07) |
| Below poverty | Reference | Reference |
| Region | ||
| Northeast | Reference | Reference |
| Midwest | 0.98 (0.87–1.11) | 1.02 (0.96–1.08) |
| South | 0.97 (0.86–1.09) | 0.96 (0.90–1.02) |
| West | 0.98 (0.86–1.11) | 0.97 (0.91–1.04) |
| US born status | ||
| Yes | Reference | Reference |
| No | 0.98 (0.87–1.12) | 0.96 (0.89–1.03) |
| Physician contacts within past year | ||
| None | Reference | Reference |
| 1 | 1.09 (0.82–1.45) | 1.48 (1.35–1.62)‡ |
| 2–3 | 1.09 (0.87–1.38) | 1.74 (1.60–1.89)‡ |
| 4–9 | 1.25 (0.99–1.57) | 1.82 (1.67–1.98)‡ |
| ≥10 | 1.38 (1.09–1.74)‡ | 1.88 (1.72–2.06)‡ |
| Hospitalization within past year | ||
| Yes | 1.05 (0.96–1.16) | 1.06 (0.99–1.13) |
| No | Reference | Reference |
| Usual place for health care | ||
| Yes | 1.64 (1.14–2.36)‡ | 1.34 (1.24–1.45)‡ |
| No | Reference | Reference |
| Health insurance | ||
| Yes | 1.25 (1.00–1.55) | 1.51 (1.35–1.69)‡ |
| No | Reference | Reference |
| Persons with high-risk conditions other than diabetes § | ||
| Yes | 0.95 (0.89–1.02) | 1.12 (1.07–1.17)‡ |
| No | Reference | Reference |
| Physical activity | ||
| Yes | 1.06 (0.98–1.15) | 1.04 (1.00–1.08) |
| No | Reference | Reference |
Respondents were asked if they had received an influenza shot or nasal spray in the past 12 months, and if so, in which month and year.
Adjusted prevalence ratios, adjusted for all variables included in the table.
p<0.05 by t-test for comparison within each covariate category with the indicated reference level.
Persons with high-risk conditions other than diabetes included persons who have heart disease, lung diseases, end-stage renal failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or cancer (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer).