Fig. 5. (A) Species evolution tree, (B) anosim analysis of taxa similarity, (C) LDA value distribution histogram example of the LefSe evolution branch diagram; (D) the cladogram of LEfSe demonstrates the taxonomic profiling for the distinct bacteria with significant higher abundances. The circles from inwards to outwards represent the different levels of bacteria members ranged from phylum to genus. The results were analyzed by the wilcoxon rank-sum test and are presented as the mean relative abundance with one asterisk meaning p < 0.05. LEfSe, linear discriminant analysis effect size.