Table 5.

Summary of exercise and statin study characteristics and VC outcome

Author and Year	Type of Study	Study Duration (months)	Participant	Intervention (Participants at Baseline)	Comparator (Participants at Baseline)	VC as Primary or Secondary End Point	VC Imaging	VC Site	VC Outcome
Zhou 2020132 (RENEXC)	RCT	12	CKD stage 3–5	Exercise: endurance training plus: Balance train, n=75	Exercise: endurance training plus: Strength train, n=76	Secondary	X-ray lateral	Abdominal aorta	No significant VC attenuation
Lemos 201333	RCT	24	CKD stage 3–5	Sevelamer, n=38 | Rosuvastatin, n=38	Control condition undefined, n=41	Primary	CT	Coronary artery	No significant VC attenuation
Yazbek 201663	RCT	12	Kidney transplant recipients	Rosuvastatin, n=45 | Atorvastatin, n=16 (due to supply issue)	Control condition undefined, n=59	Primary	CT	Coronary artery	No significant VC attenuation