Table 6.

Summary of antiresorptive study characteristics and VC outcome

Author and Year	Type of Study	Study Duration (months)	Participant	Intervention (Participants at Baseline)	Comparator (Participants at Baseline)	VC as Primary or Secondary End Point	VC Imaging	VC Site	VC Outcome
Hashiba 200464a	RCT	12	HD	Etidronate for 6 months, n=8	Control group, n=10	Primary	CT	Abdominal aorta	Less progression with etidronate
Nitta 200465	Non-RCT	Approximately 12	HD	Etidronate, n=35	Control group, n=21	Primary	CT	Coronary artery	Less progression with etidronate
Ariyoshi 200666	RCT	12	HD	Etidronate, n=8	No intervention, n=6	Primary	CT	Coronary artery, thoracic and abdominal aorta	Less progression with etidronate at coronary (not significant) and aorta (significant)
Hashiba 200667	RCT	23	HD	Etidronate for 23 months, n=12	No intervention, n=12	Primary	CT	Aorta	Less progression with etidronate
Torregrosa 201068	RCT	12	Kidney transplant recipients	Risedronate, vitamin D, and calcium, n=52	Vitamin D and calcium, n=49	Secondary	X-ray	Iliac arteries, femoral arteries, radial arteries, digital arteries	Less progression with risedronate. No detail on each site
Toussaint 201069	RCT	18	CKD stage 3–4	Alendronate, n=25	Placebo, n=26	Primary: aortic VC, secondary: femoral VC	CT	Abdominal aorta, superficial femoral artery	No significant VC attenuation at both sites
Okamoto 201470	RCT	24	Kidney transplant recipients	Alendronate, n=5	No intervention, n=7	Secondary	CT	Abdominal aorta	Less progression with alendronate
Iseri 201971	RCT	12	HD	Denosumab sc, n=24 (+ calcitriol & calcium for first 2 weeks)	Alendronate iv, n=24 (+ calcitriol & calcium for first 2 weeks)	Secondary	CT	Coronary artery	No significant VC attenuation
Chen 202072	Non-RCT	6	HD, SHPT	Denosumab, n=21	Standard of care, n=21	Primary	CT	Coronary artery	Less progression with denosumab

^aAnother study, by Tamura et al. 2002,¹³³ is thought to have the same participants as Hashiba 2004.⁶⁴.

HD, hemodialysis; sc, subcutaneously.