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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2021 Oct 5;32(8):487–498. doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2021.09.010

Figure 1. Preparation and administration of PM2.5 for in vitro and in vivo studies.

Figure 1.

Two methods exist for preparation of PM2.5 for experimental usage. (A) One method is to collect ambient PM2.5 on ultra-fine filters using a high-volume air sampler; cut the filters adhering PM2.5 into small pieces; immerse the pieces in sterile distilled water and perform ultrasonic sonication; vacuum-freeze dry the particles to obtain powder from; and then perform chromatography and spectrometry to analyze the components and composition. (B) Alternatively, PM products are available for purchase from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Materials (SRM). Products NIST SRM 1650B, 2876, and 2975 fit the definition of PM2.5 (particulate matter with diameter of less than 2.5 μm).