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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Biomech. 2022 Feb 24;135:111021. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2022.111021

Table 2.

Summary of the most explanatory multiple regression models (as determined by R2adj) of creep measurements and for each DTS scanning configuration, in the presence of a significant BMD effect (n=19 for creep displacements, n=22 for τcr and n, and n=21 for C). Each cell shows R2adj followed by the predictor(s) in the model (in the order of parameter name, standardized beta coefficient, and p-value in each row). For those models with multiple variables, p-values are shown for tests of normality (pN) and heteroscedasticity (pH). If no BMD variables were significantly correlated with a given creep variable, the inclusion of DTS variables was not pursued further (N/A).

Coronal Lateral
Axial Transverse Axial Transverse
Creep (Dcr) N/A N/A N/A N/A
D cr-norm N/A N/A N/A N/A
Recovery (Rcr) N/A N/A N/A N/A
R cr-norm N/A N/A N/A N/A
Residual (Dr) N/A N/A N/A N/A
Time Constant (τcr) N/A N/A N/A N/A
Stretch exponent (n) R2adj = 0.42
BMDAP (−0.59) <0.003
Sλ (−0.37) <0.04
pN > 0.89
pK>0.89
R2adj = 0.45
BMDAP(−0.62) <0.002
MIL (−0.40) <0.03
pN > 0.09 pH > 0.18
R2adj = 0.46
BMDAP (−0.55) <0.003
Sλ (−0.41) <0.02
pN > 0.25
pH > 0.39
R2adj = 0.51
BMDAP (−0.62) <0.0007
Sλ (−0.47) <0.007
pN > 0.76
pH > 0.38
Creep rate (C R2adj = 0.61
iBMD (−0.71) 0.0001
ALFD (+0.50) <0.003
pN > 0.66
pH > 0.32
R2adj = 0.38
iBMD (−0.64) <0.002
R2adj = 0.38
iBMD (−0.64) <0.002
R2adj = 0.38
iBMD (−0.64) <0.002