Table 1.
Summary of Studies Examining Associations Between Delay Discounting and Self-Report Measures of Trait Narcissism
| Authors | Year | Sample | DD measure | DD index | DD mean (SD) | Narcissism measure | Narcissism dimension | Narcissism mean (SD) | Correlation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buelow and Brunell | 2014 | 194 University students (United States; other characteristics not reported) | MCQ | k | CNBD | PES | Entitlement | 29.05 (11.33) | .292 |
| MCQ | k | CNBD | NGS | Grandiosity | 50.44 (21.12) | .172 | |||
| 630 University students (United States; Mage = 19.16 [SD = 3.92]; 364 women) | MCQ | k | CNBD | NPI | Grandiosity | 16.14 (10.15) | .099 | ||
| NPI-LA | Grandiosity | 5.21 (2.95)c | c.116 | ||||||
| NPI-GE | Grandiosity | 3.54 (2.66)c | c.101 | ||||||
| NPI-EE | Entitlement | 0.97 (1.05)c | c.151 | ||||||
| Crysel et al. | 2013 | Study 2: 299 General population (roughly half from the United States, remaining half from India, Canada, Indonesia, and Pakistan; Mage = 32.60 [SD = 11.10]; 120 women) | Five delay intervalsa | k | 0.46 (0.92) | Dirty Dozen | Grandiosity | 2.95 (1.04) | .170 |
| Jonason et al. | 2020 | 602 General population (United States; Mage = 37.11 [SD = 12.76]; 319 women) | Seven delay intervalsb | Count | 3.87 (2.65) | SD3 | Grandiosity | 2.70 (0.68) | .170 |
| Malesza and Kaczmarek | 2018 | 338 University students (Germany; Mage = 23.10 [SD = 1.05]; 191 women) | Seven delay intervalsa | AUC | 0.55 (0.14) | NPI | Grandiosity | 121.80 (29.3) | .440 |
| Seven delay intervalsa | AUC | 0.55 (0.14) | HSNS | Vulnerability | 27.80 (7.15) | −.080 | |||
| Malesza and Kalinowski | 2021a | 255 University students (Germany; Mage = 23.52 [SD = 3.70]; 172 women) | Five delay intervalsa | AUC | 0.53 (0.28) | SD3 | Grandiosity | 33.61 (3.07) | .460 |
| Malesza and Kalinowski | 2021b | 283 University students (Germany; Mage = 22.90 [SD = 3.40]; 148 women) | Five delay intervalsa | AUC | 0.52 (0.38) | NPI | Grandiosity | 8.95 (2.06) | .340 |
| Malesza and Ostaszewski | 2016 | 298 University students (Germany; Mage = 21.80 [SD = 1.52]; 160 women) | Five delay intervalsa | AUC | Men = 0.39 (0.13) Women = 0.56 (0.17) | NPI | Grandiosity | Men = 8.19 (2.20) Women = 7.93 (2.54) | −.058 |
Note. DD = delay discounting; MCQ = Monetary Choice Questionnaire; CNBD = could not be determined; AUC = area under curve; NGS = Narcissistic Grandiosity Scale; NPI = Narcissistic Personality Inventory; NPI-LA = Narcissistic Personality Inventory, Leadership/Authority subscale; NPI-GE = Narcissistic Personality Inventory, Grandiose Exhibitionism subscale; NPI-EE = Narcissistic Personality Inventory, Entitlement/Exploitativeness subscale; PES = Psychological Entitlement Scale; SD3 = Short Dark Triad; HSNS = Hypersensitive Narcissism Scale. Large discrepancies in means and standard deviations on narcissism scales such as the NPI and SD3 are attributable to differences in scale versions and scoring procedures.
Discounting curves were generated according to procedures outline by Richards et al. (1999).
Count scores were obtained according to procedures outline by Griskevicius et al. (2011).
Unpublished data were provided by authors in the corresponding row.