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. 2022 May 3;12:7154. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-11189-6

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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G protein mediated effects of chemically diverse mixed MOP/NOP agonists using GIRK assay. Concentration–response curves obtained for prototypical selective agonist DAMGO (A) and N/OFQ (G), novel mixed MOP/NOP agonists cebranopadol (B, H), AT-034 (C, I), AT-324 (D, J), AT-201 (E, K), AT-121 (F, L) at MOP and NOP, respectively. AtT-20 cells stably expressing MOP and NOP were stimulated with the agonists at a concentration range of 10^–6 to 10^–12 M and the signal was measured using GIRK channel-based membrane potential assay. Each data point (mean ± SEM) represents assay read-out obtained from four different experiments in duplicates. (ΔRFU, change in relative fluorescence unit).