MiR-23a-5p directly targeted Olig3 to promote oligodendrogenesis. (A-B) RT-PCR analysis of Hes5, ID2, ID4, Olig3, Lingo1, Dlx2, PTEN, Sox6, TMEM98 and Ascl1 expression in the control, cn-EVs and kd-EVs groups (A), the control, miR-23a-5p mimic and miR-NC groups (B) after 4 days of OPC differentiation in vitro (n = 3-4). (C) Predict binding sites of miR-23a-5p in the 3'UTRs of HES5 and OLIG3 genes. Sites mutated as controls in the luciferase reporter assay are shown in red. (D) Dual luciferase reporter assay for the direct and specific interaction of miR-23a-5p with the 3'UTRs of Hes5 and Olig3 (n = 5). (E-F) CCK8 analysis of cell viability in OPCs transfected with miR-NC, miR-23a-5p mimic or miR-23a-5p inhibitor under normal condition (E) and after OGD (F) (n = 3). (G-H) RT-PCR analysis of MBP (G) and MOG (H) expression in OPCs transfected with miR-NC, miR-23a-5p mimic or miR-23a-5p inhibitor after 4 days of differentiation in vitro (n = 3). Data are presented as mean ± SD, *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.005.