Table 3.
Group Differences in Each Variable of Interest by Mother Demographic Risk Group Within and Across Time-Point
| Variable | N AM/LEM/HEM | Total M (SD) | AM M (SD) | LEM M (SD) | HEM M (SD) | Group comparisons | Group differences F (df) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||
| 4-month child self-regulation | 264/109/90 | 4.47 (.84) | 4.50 (.75) | 4.56 (.84) | 4.38 (1.08) | AM = LEM = HEM | .65 (2, 460) | .520 |
| 8-Month child self-regulation | 224/92/83 | 4.61 (.77) | 4.62 (.65) | 4.54 (1.00) | 4.64 (.81) | AM = LEM = HEM | .53 (2, 396) | .587 |
| 18-Month child self-regulation | 208/89/71 | 4.47 (.65) | 4.44 (.65) | 4.47 (.72) | 4.60 (.54) | AM = LEM = HEM | 1.56 (2, 365) | .211 |
| 30-Month child self-regulation | 181/88/72 | 4.62 (.62) | 4.53 (.72)a | 4.66 (.57) | 4.79 (.33)b | AM = LEM < HEM | 4.68 (2, 338) | .010 |
| 4-Month positive parenting | 226/109/90 | .0012 (.80) | −.18 (.81)a | .15 (.71)b | .34 (.71)b | AM < LEM = HEM | 18.33 (2, 462) | .000 |
| 8-Month positive parenting | 224/91/83 | .0039 (.82) | −.22 (.83)a | .16 (.74)b | .43 (.66)b | AM < LEM = HEM | 23.77 (2, 395) | .000 |
| 18-Month positive parenting | 21190/71 | .0038 (.81) | −.20 (.80)a | .10 (.76)b | .48 (.70)c | AM < LEM < HEM | 21.71 (2, 369) | .000 |
| 6-Month parenting stress | 193/70/70 | 69.31 (16.81) | 74.07 (16.47)a | 65.21 (16.24)b | 60.29 (13.35)b | AM > LEM = HEM | 22.49 (2, 330) | .000 |
| 12-Month parenting stress | 187/80/77 | 68.58 (17.64) | 71.14 (17.72)a | 71.73 (17.72)ab | 59.08 (14.63)b | AM = LEM > HEM | 15.64 (2, 341) | .000 |
| 24-Month parenting stress | 95/42/59 | 68.84 (21.17) | 73.86 (23.00)a | 68.50 (15.90)ab | 61.00 (19.16)b | AM = LEM > HEM | 7.15 (2, 193) | .001 |
Note. Significant differences are also bolded. AM = adolescent mother; LEM = adult low-educated mother; HEM = adult high-educated mother
abc
superscripts indicate group differences.