REAGENT or RESOURCE	SOURCE	IDENTIFIER
Antibodies
anti-Pgam1 antibody	Abcam	ab2220, RRID: AB_302900
anti-β actin antibody(13 × 105)	Cell Signaling	#4970, RRID: AB_2223172
anti-GAPDH antibody	Cell Signaling	#2118, RRID: AB_561053
anti-Tubulin antibody	Cell Signaling	#2125, RRID: AB_2619646
anti-p62 antibody	Abcam	ab219581, RRID: AB_219581
anti-phospho mTOR antibody	Cell Signaling	#2971, RRID: AB_330970
anti-mTOR antibody	Cell Signaling	#2972, RRID: AB_330978
anti-Cpt1b antibody	Santa Cruz	sc-20522, RRID: AB_2084698
anti-Cpt1b antibody	Proteintech	22170-1-AP, RRID: AB_2713959
anti-Ucp1 antibody	Abcam	ab10983, RRID: AB_2241462
anti-Cre antibody	Cell Signaling	#12830, RRID: AB_2631055
anti-F4/80 antibody	Abcam	ab111101, RRID: AB_10859466
wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated Alexa Fluor 488	Thermo Fisher Scientific	W11261
Hoechst	Life Technologies	33258
horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G	Jackson Immunoresearch	#111-035-003, RRID: AB_2313567
donkey anti-goat IgG H&L (Cy5)	Abcam	ab6566, RRID: AB_955056
goat anti-rabbit IgG H&L (DyLight488)	Abcam	ab96899, RRID: AB_10679361
goat anti-rabbit IgG H&L (Cy5)		ab97077, RRID: AB_10679461
Biotin-SP (long spacer) AffiniPure Donkey Anti-Rabbit IgG (H + L)	Jackson Immunoresearch	711-065-152, RRID: AB_2340593
BB515 Streptavidin	BD	564453, RRID: AB_2869580
Cy5-streptavidin conjugate	Invitrogen	43-4316
Bacterial and virus strains
AAV-DJ Helper Free shRNA Expression System	Cell Biolabs Inc	VPK-413-DJ
AAV-DJ Helper Free Expression System	Cell Biolabs Inc	VPK-410-DJ
Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins
L-methionine sulfone	WAKO	502-76641
MES	Dojindo	349-01623
CSA	WAKO	037-01032
NADH	Sigma-Aldrich	N7410-15VL
ADP	Sigma-Aldrich	A4386-1G
LDH	Sigma-Aldrich	L1254-1KU
PK	Sigma-Aldrich	P7768-1KU
Enolase	Sigma-Aldrich	E6126-500UN
2,3-DPG	Santa Cruz	SC-213964
3-PGA	Santa Cruz	sc-214793
Rapamycin	WAKO	550-83271
Leucine	Sigma-Aldrich	L8000
Isoleucine	Sigma-Aldrich	I2752
Valine	Sigma-Aldrich	V0500
MHY1485	Sigma-Aldrich	SML0810
Critical commercial assays
Norepinephrine ELISA Kit	Abnova	KA1891
In Situ Cell Death Detection Kit, Fluorescein	Roche	1684795
Ultra Sensitive Mouse Insulin ELISA Kit	Morinaga	M1104
Branched Chain Amino Acid Kit	Sigma-Aldrich	MAK003
Agilent SurePrint G3 Mouse GE microarray (G4852A)	Agilent	G4852A
Deposited data
DNA microarray	This paper	GSE186030
Single cell RNA-sequence	This paper	GSE200374
Experimental models: Cell lines
NIH-3T3L1 cells	ATCC	CL-173
Experimental models: Organisms/strains
Mouse: Adipoq-Cre+: Pgam1flox/flox	Adipoq-Cre; Eguchi J et al., 2011. floxed Pgam1; Generated in our lab.	N/A
Mouse: Ucp1-Cre+: Pgam1flox/flox	UCP1-Cre; Kong X et al., 2014. floxed Pgam1; Generated in our lab.	N/A
Oligonucleotides
Forward primer for mouse Actb; 5′-CTAAGGCCAACCGTGAAAAG-3′	This paper	N/A
Reverse primer for mouse Actb; 5′-ACCAGAGGCATACAGGGACA-3′	This paper	N/A
Forward primer for mouse Rplp0; 5′-GATGCCCAGGGAAGACAG-3′	This paper	N/A
Reverse primer for mouse Rplp0; 5′-ACAATGAAGCATTTTGGATAA-3′	This paper	N/A
Forward primer for mouse Pgam1; 5′-GCCTGATCACCCCTTCTACA-3′	This paper	N/A
Reverse primer for mouse Pgam1; 5′-CTCTTTGATCTGGGGGACAA-3′	This paper	N/A
Forward primer for mouse Pgam2; 5′-GGCATTGTGAAACATCTGGAA-3′	This paper	N/A
Reverse primer for mouse Pgam2; 5′-AACCTCATGGGCTTGGTG-3′	This paper	N/A
Forward primer for mouse Cpt1b; 5′-GAGTGACTGGTGGGAAGAATATG-3′	This paper	N/A
Reverse primer for mouse Cpt1b; 5′-GCTGCTTGCACATTTGTGTT-3′	This paper	N/A
Forward primer for mouse Ucp1; 5′-GGCCTCTACGACTCAGTCCA-3′	This paper	N/A
Reverse primer for mouse Ucp1; 5′-TAAGCCGGCTGAGATCTTGT-3′	This paper	N/A
Forward primer for mouse Tnfrsf9; 5′-CGTCTGTCGACCCTGGAC-3′	This paper	N/A
Reverse primer for mouse Tnfrsf9; 5′-CACGTCCTTCTCCGTGGT-3′	This paper	N/A
Forward primer for mouse Cidea 5′-TTCAAGGCCGTGTTAAGGA-3′	This paper	N/A
Reverse primer for mouse Cidea 5′-CCTTTGGTGCTAGGCTTGG-3′	This paper	N/A
Forward primer for mouse Egln3; 5′-TGTCTGGTACTTCGATGCTGA-3′	This paper	N/A
Reverse primer for mouse Egln3; 5′-AGCAAGAGCAGATTCAGTTTTTC-3′	This paper	N/A
Forward primer for mouse Kcnk3; 5′-CCTTCTACTTCGCCATCACC-3′	This paper	N/A
Reverse primer for mouse Kcnk3; 5′-GCGTAGAACATGCAGAACACC-3′	This paper	N/A
Forward primer for mouse Mtus1; 5′-AAACACTGTCATTTTCCACACAG-3′	This paper	N/A
Reverse primer for mouse Mtus1; 5′-CTGGGTCTGGATGCATAGG-3′	This paper	N/A
Forward primer for mouse Ppargc1a; 5′-TGAAAGGGCCAAACAGAGAG-3′	This paper	N/A
Reverse primer for mouse Ppargc1a; 5′-GTAAATCACACGGCGCTCTT-3′	This paper	N/A
Forward primer for mouse Prdm16; 5′-ACAGGCAGGCTAAGAACCAG-3′	This paper	N/A
Reverse primer for mouse Prdm16; 5′-CGTGGAGAGGAGTGTCTTCAG-3′	This paper	N/A
Forward primer for mouse Tbx1; 5′-TTTGTGCCCGTAGATGACAA-3′	This paper	N/A
Reverse primer for mouse Tbx1; 5′-CTCGGCCAGGTGTAGCAG-3′	This paper	N/A
Forward primer for mouse Tmem26; 5′-CTGCTCAACCTCTTGCTGGT-3′	This paper	N/A
Reverse primer for mouse Tmem26; 5′-AAGATGGCCGGAGAAAGC-3′	This paper	N/A
Recombinant DNA
Forward sequence for sh-mouse Pgam1; 5′-GATCCGGGCATCCCTATCGTCTATGATTCAAGAG ATCATAGACGATAGGGATGCCCTTTTTTACGCGTG-3′	This paper	N/A
Reverse sequence for sh-mouse Pgam1; 5′-AATTCACGCGTAAAAAAGGGCATCCCTATCGTCT ATGATCTCTTGAATCATAGACGATAGGGATGCCCG-3′	This paper	N/A
Software and algorithms
SPSS version 24 software	IBM	N/A
KEGG identifiers	KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes)	N/A