Table 1.

Different MN types and applications.

Drug Name	MN type	Fabrication method	Material	Mechanism of action	Therapeutic applicants	Ref
Lysozyme enzyme	Dissolving MN	Micromolding	Polyvinylpyrrolidone, hyaluronic acid, and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)	Breaking glycosidic bond in peptidoglycans	Antibiotic for dermal use	Panda et al. 134
Resveratrol	Dissolving MN	Micromolding	Eudragit/PVP-K90/Resveratrol	Inhibiting TGFβ/SMAD pathway	Cosmetic, skin cancer, cardiovascular disease	Aung et al. 135
Nicotine	Dissolving MN	Micromolding	Polyvinylpyrrolidone/Nicotine	PI3K-Akt signaling pathway	Smoking addiction	Panda et al. 136
Silver nanoparticle	Dissolving MN	Micromolding	Silver nanoparticles were encapsulated in Polycaprolactone/Chitosan as microparticles surrounded by Polyvinylpyrrolidone/Polyvinyl alcohol	Inhibition PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by ROS production, Interruption cell wall	Infectious chronic wound	Permana et al. 137
Dexamethasone	Dissolving MN	Micromolding	Hyaluronic acid and Collagen were encapsulated inside poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) and loaded with Dexamethasone	Inhibition of NLRP3 and IL-1β production	Inflammatory skin disorders	Wan et al. 138
Rosi	Smart/Dissolving MN	Micromolding	Polyvinyl alcohol/Melanin/Rosi	Inhibition of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)	Obesity	Peng et al. 139
Capsaicin	Dissolving MN	Micromolding	Capsaicin was encapsulated in α-Lacnano micelles/Hyaluronic acid/Polyvinyl alcohol	Reduction of PPARγ, C/EBPα Promotion of AMPK signaling pathway	Obesity	Bao et al. 140
Lix	Dissolving MN	Micromolding	PVPk29/32/Lix	cAMP/PKA, PIP3/PKC, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways	Diabetes	Zhu et al. 120
Glucagon	Swellable MN	Micromolding	Methacrylated hyaluronic acid/Glucagon loaded in microgels consist of zwitterionic sulfobetaine (SB), 4-acrylamide-3-fluorophenylboronic acid (AFBA), and cationic carboxybetaine (CB)	cAMP/PKA and PIP3/PKC signaling pathways	Diabetes	GhavamiNejad et al. 141
Viral subunit	Dissolving MN	Micromolding	PVP/Lyophilized monovalent subunit influenza vaccine (A/Brisbane/10/10 (H1N1))	Biodegradation	Vaccination	Kim et al. 142
mRNA	Dissolving MN	Micromolding	PVP/Naked luciferase mRNA	Biodegradation	Transfection	Koh et al. 143
Viral vector loaded antigen-adjuvant	Dissolving MN	Micromolding	Carboxymethyl cellulose/trehalose loaded ovalbumin mRNA with Poly(I:C) (TLR3 against)	Biodegradation	Vaccination/Transfection	Erdos et al. 144
Non-viral vector loaded DNA	Dissolving MN	Micromolding	PVA/PVP encapsulated poly lactic-co-glycolic acid—poly-lysine/poly-γ-glutamic acid (PLGA-PLL/γPGA) nanoparticles/Ebo DNA	Biodegradation	Transfection	Yang et al. 145
Viral subunit coadjuvant	Dissolving MN	Micromolding	Sucrose/gelatin encapsulated P47/CpG oligonucleotide	Biodegradation	Transfection	Yenkoidiok-Douti et al. 146
Viral subunit coadjuvant	Dissolving MN	Micromolding	PVA/sucrose loaded H1N1 co cGMP/saponin	Biodegradation	Transfection	Vassilieva et al. 147
DNA encoded bacteria toxin	Dissolving MN	Micromolding	Hyaluronic acid loaded pVAX1 (plasmid DNA) encoded Ag85B of Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Biodegradation	Transfection	Yan et al. 148
Non-viral vector loaded DNA	Dissolving MN	Micromolding	PVA loaded RALA/pPSCA (Prostate Stem Cell Antigen)	Biodegradation	Transfection	Cole et al. 149