Table 3.

Hierarchical Multiple Regression Models Predicting Common Mental Health Problems on the DASS-21 and CAGE-AID.

Predictor	Depressive Symptoms				Anxiety Symptoms				Stress Symptoms				Problematic Substance Use
	β	B	SE	P	β	B	SE	P	β	B	SE	P	β	B	SE	P
Female, transgender, or nonbinary gendera	−.01	−0.26	1.04	0.80	.01	0.25	0.88	0.77	.04	1.14	1.00	0.25	−.12	−.39	.12	<0.01
Age	−.10	−0.08	0.03	0.02	−.16	−0.11	0.03	<0.001	−.14	−0.11	0.03	<0.001	−.15	−.02	.00	<0.001
Married or partneredb	−.06	−1.28	0.79	0.11	−.01	−0.09	0.67	0.89	.01	0.24	0.76	.76	−.02	−.05	.09	0.63
Time in direct contactc
26% to 50%	.03	0.77	1.38	0.58	.04	0.77	1.18	0.51	.06	1.53	1.33	0.25	.13	.38	.16	0.02
51% to 75%	.06	1.40	1.28	0.27	.09	1.63	1.09	0.14	.10	2.07	1.23	0.09	.07	.19	.15	0.20
76% to 100%	.08	1.56	1.23	0.21	.14	2.45	1.05	0.02	.15	2.97	1.19	0.01	.03	.08	.15	0.59
Work setting
Emergency shelter	−.04	−0.90	1.68	0.59	−.04	−0.78	1.43	0.59	−.06	−1.17	1.62	0.47	−.03	−.08	.20	0.68
Supportive housing	−.10	−2.29	1.72	0.18	−.09	−1.76	1.46	0.23	−.14	−2.98	1.66	0.07	−.05	−.13	.20	0.51
Community-based health	−.02	−0.65	1.86	0.73	−.05	−1.26	1.58	0.43	.00	−0.05	1.79	0.98	.00	−.01	.22	0.95
Harm reduction	.05	1.56	1.94	0.42	.07	1.86	1.65	0.26	.04	1.35	1.87	0.47	.01	.04	.23	0.86

Note. DASS = Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales; CAGE-AID = The CAGE Adapted to Include Drugs.

^a Reference category: Male gender.

^b Reference category: Single, divorced, or widowed.

^c Reference category: 1% to 25% of time spent in direct contact with service users.

The bold values signifies the column (p-values).