Table 2.
Comparison of Alternative Agent Use and Secondary Outcomes between Injectable Opioid Shortage and Control Cohorts.
| Outcome | Shortage | Control | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Antipsychotics | |||
| Day 1 | 8/50 (16.0) | 4/50 (8.0) | .218 |
| Day 3 | 7/43 (16.3) | 13/46 (28.3) | .173 |
| Day 5 | 11/33 (33.3) | 14/32 (43.8) | .388 |
| Day 7 | 12/27 (44.4) | 13/26 (50.0) | .685 |
| Benzodiazepines | |||
| Day 1 | 14/50 (28.0) | 21/50 (42.0) | .142 |
| Day 3 | 8/44 (18.2) | 14/46 (30.4) | .176 |
| Day 5 | 3/34 (8.8) | 6/33 (18.2) | .305* |
| Day 7 | 4/28 (14.3) | 4/26 (15.4) | 1.000* |
| Dexmedetomidine | |||
| Day 1 | 6/50 (12.0) | 6/50 (12.0) | 1.000 |
| Day 3 | 6/44 (13.6) | 7/46 (15.2) | .831 |
| Day 5 | 7/34 (20.6) | 3/33 (9.1) | .305* |
| Day 7 | 7/28 (25.0) | 2/26 (7.7) | .144* |
| Propofol | |||
| Day 1 | 38/50 (76.0) | 28/50 (56.0) | .035 |
| Day 3 | 16/44 (36.4) | 10/46 (21.7) | .126 |
| Day 5 | 7/34 (20.6) | 6/33 (18.2) | .803 |
| Day 7 | 5/28 (17.9) | 4/26 (15.4) | 1.000* |
| Active IV opioid order at time of transfer from ICU to floor (n = 50) | 3/37 (8.1) | 1/34 (2.9) | .515 |
| Active enteral opioid order at time of transfer from ICU to floor (n = 50) | 20/37 (54.1) | 15/35 (42.8) | .577 |
| Discharge from hospital with new opioid prescription (n = 50) | 10 (20.0) | 10 (20.0) | 1.000 |
| Hospital LOS (days) (n = 50) | 16.0 [10.0-29.5] | 20.5 [13.0-33.3] | .258 |
| ICU LOS (days) (n = 50) | 8.0 [4.0-12.25] | 8.0 [4.0-12.0] | .785 |
| Duration of MV (hours) (n = 50) | 114.9 [47.4-198.5] | 73.1 [47.1-131.1] | .236 |
| In-hospital mortality (n = 50) | 10 (20.0) | 9 (18.0) | .799 |
Note. Nominal data are presented as number (percentage). Continuous data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) if parametric or median [interquartile range (IQR)] if non-parametric. LOS = length of stay; MV = mechanical ventilation; IV = intravenous.
*
Fisher’s exact test.