The carbamazepine (Carb) rescue effect does not involve UPR or ERAD.A, relative expression levels of SUR1 mRNA in transfected HEK293 treated with 10 μM or 100 μM Carb for 16 h. The relative expression of key UPR sensors (i.e., IRE1, PERK, ATF6) in INS-1 cells expressing WT (HA-SUR1/Kir6.2) or mutant (HA-SUR1/Kir6.2-A28V) KATP channels, after 10 μM Carb treatment for 16 h. Data are shown in (B) IRE1, (C) PERK, and (D) ATF6. E, the relative expression of ERAD sensor, HRD1, was also not altered. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM; n = 9 per group; no results achieved significance when compared with DMSO-treated cells in each corresponding group; differences were evaluated using two-way ANOVA and Dunnett's post hoc test. ATF6, activating transcription factor 6; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; ERAD, endoplasmic reticulum–associated protein degradation; HEK293, human embryonic kidney 293 cell line; IRE1, inositol-requiring enzyme 1; KATP, ATP-sensitive potassium channel; PERK, protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase; SUR1, sulfonylurea receptor 1; UPR, unfolded protein response.