Spectral parameters for XPS of different supported Ru catalysts.
| Catalyst | State | Ru 3p B.E. | Atomic ratio (%) | Ru (wt%) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3/2 | 1/2 | % | C | O | Na | Ru | |||
| S1 | 0 | 463.36 | 485.39 | 49 | 94.56 | 4.89 | 0.19 | 0.35 | 2.8 |
| IV | 465.13 | 486.34 | 51 | ||||||
| S2 | 0 | — | — | — | 95.32 | 4.53 | 0.15 | — | 1.1 |
| IV | — | — | — | ||||||
| S3 | 0 | 463.05 | 485.46 | 53 | 95.45 | 4.16 | 0.14 | 0.25 | 2.0 |
| IV | 464.89 | 487.96 | 47 | ||||||
| S4 | 0 | 463.44 | 485.15 | 51 | 94.96 | 4.69 | 0.12 | 0.23 | 1.9 |
| IV | 465.31 | 486.76 | 49 | ||||||
| S5 | 0 | 463.26 | 485.63 | 47 | 95.44 | 4.27 | 0.11 | 0.18 | 1.5 |
| IV | 465.30 | 487.62 | 53 | ||||||
| S6 | 0 | 463.26 | 485.60 | 48 | 95.54 | 4.14 | 0.12 | 0.20 | 1.6 |
| IV | 464.97 | 488.00 | 52 | ||||||
| Ru/Al2O3 (ref. 21) | 0 | 462.88 | 485.63 | 44 | — | 67.2 | — | 2.2 | 4.9 |
| IV | 464.96 | 489.15 | 56 | ||||||
| Ru/C21 | 0 | 462.61 | 483.41 | 53 | 96.3 | 8.1 | — | 5.6 | 4.9 |
| IV | 464.79 | 485.85 | 47 | ||||||